Lesson 35 Space odyssey太空探索数词 状语从句

The Moon is likely to become the industrial hub of the Solar System, supplying the rocket fuels for its ships, easily obtainable from the lunar rocks in the form of liquid oxygen.

hub ^{n. 1. the central part of a wheel 轮轴；轮毂；（车轮的）中心部分}

• More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two. 
• The mechanic noticed a crack in the hub of the front wheel. ^{技工发现前轮的轮毂有一个裂纹。}
• I greased front and rear hubs and adjusted the brakes. ^{我把前后轮轴都加了润滑油并调试了刹车。}

hub ^{n. 2. the central and most important part of an area, system, activity etc., which all the other parts are connected to = center / centre 中心；（活动的）核心}

• Silicon Valley remains the global hub of the high-tech industry. ^{硅谷依然是全球高科技产业的中心。}
• The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household. ^{这张桌子上精致的枝形吊灯宣告它是家庭的中心。}
• Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub. ^{松岛距韩国主要国际枢纽仁川机场仅一箭之遥。}

obtainable ^{adj. that can be obtained = available 可以获得的}

• Further information is obtainable from the local library. ^{更多信息可从当地图书馆获得。}
• The project was designed to be built using easily obtainable materials like cardboard and tape. ^{该项目旨在利用纸板和胶带等易得材料进行构建。}
• Are his records still obtainable? ^{他的唱片还能买到吗？}
  
• This rare mineral is only obtainable from deep sea mines.^{这种稀有矿物只能从深海矿井中获得。}
• The product is obtainable from any major retailer.^{该产品可从任何主要的零售商处购得。}

lunar ^{adj. 月亮的；月球的}

• The lunar surface is covered with craters and volcanic rock. ^{月球表面布满了环形山和火山岩。}
• It is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. ^{它是在阴历九月初九庆祝的。}

in the form / shape of... ^{以…的形式}

• … but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, … 
• Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. 
• … they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, … 
• There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
• The payment was made in the form of a bank transfer.^{付款是以银行转账的形式完成的。}
• The aid was provided in the form of food and medical supplies.^{援助是以食品和医疗用品的形式提供的。}

The reason lies in its gravity.

lie ^{v. (of abstract things) exist or be found（抽象事物）存在}

• He must decide where his future lies. 
• The hardest part of the competition still lies ahead of us.

lie in... ^{在于/取决于(主语通常为抽象名词)}

• The problem lies in deciding when to intervene. 
• The difficulty lies in knowing what to do next. 
• The cure for stress lies in learning to relax. 
• The key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation. 
• The solution to the problem lies in finding a compromise.^{解决问题的办法在于找到一个折衷方案。}
• His main strength lies in his attention to detail.^{他的主要优势在于他对细节的关注。}

Because the Moon has only an eightieth of the Earth's mass, it requires 97 per cent ^(97%) less energy to travel the quarter of a million miles from the Moon to Earth-orbit than the 200 mile-journey from Earth's surface into orbit!

an / one eightieth ^{八十分之一}

• The probability of winning the small prize is one eightieth. ^{获得小奖的概率是八十分之一。}

(Br. E.) per cent / (Am. E.) percent ^百分比%

• How about ten-percent less? 
• The output of cars in the U.S last year was 24 per cent less than in 1973. 
• A Harris poll shows that women have 25 percent less leisure time than men do. 

A car with a natural gas-powered internal-combustion engine emits 87 per cent less nitrogen oxide, 70 per cent less carbon monoxide and 25 per cent less carbon dioxide than a car with an engine that uses petrol, according to research by the Honda Motor Co.  ^阅读真题

• The survey of 7,500 people found multi-sneaker buyers were 50 percent more likely to be very assertive and 47 percent more likely to be spontaneous. 
• Women with fuller lips are 28 per cent more likely to be seen as a fun date than marriage material, while their thin-lipped rivals were 57 per cent more likely to have long relationships, the Leicester University study found. 

The idea of colonising Mars ― a world 160 times more distant than the Moon ― will move decisively from the second phase to the third, … ^总结

it ... less / more ... to ... than ... ^句子骨架

• It costs 60 per cent less money to travel from Beijing to Shanghai by train than by plane. ^{从北京到上海坐火车比坐飞机要少花60%的钱。}
• It is less expensive to repair the old car than to buy a new one. ^{维修旧车比买新车更省钱。}

in orbit ^{在轨道上（运行）}

• Space stations are designed to remain in orbit for years. 
• Once in space, the spacecraft will go into orbit around the Earth.
• The International Space Station has been in orbit around the Earth since 1998. ^{国际空间站自1998年以来一直绕地球轨道运行。}

This may sound fantastic, but it is easily calculated.

fantastic ^{adj. 1. not practical or sensible 不现实的，荒诞的}

• Where do they get these fantastic ideas?
• Fantastic Four ^{神奇四侠（漫画）}
• The new proposal sounded fantastic to everyone in the room.^{新的提议对房间里的每个人来说听起来都不可思议。}
• His plan to travel around the world in a hot air balloon sounds fantastic.^{他乘坐热气球环游世界的计划听起来像幻想。}

fantastic ^{adj. 2. extremely good, attractive, enjoyable etc. 了不起的，极好的}

• She's a fantastic swimmer. 
• You passed your test? Fantastic! 
• That is fantastic, John! 

fantastic ^{adj. 3. extremely large 极大的}

• Their wedding cost a fantastic amount of money. 
• The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. 
• The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter.

this may sound …, but … ^{这听起来可能…但是…}

• This may sound trivial, but I assure you it is quite important!
• This may sound strange, but I think I’ve seen that man before. ^{这听起来可能有点怪，但我总觉得以前见过那个人。}
• This may sound crazy, but I believe we should start the project over from scratch. ^{这听起来可能很疯狂，但我认为我们应该从头开始这项项目。}
• This may sound simple, but getting the timing right is the hardest part. ^{这听起来可能很简单，但把握好时机才是最难的部分。}
• This may sound cliché, but follow your heart when making this decision. ^{这听起来可能有点俗气，但在做这个决定时，请跟随你的内心。}

To escape from the Earth in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second.

at ^{prep. used to show a price, rate, level, age, speed etc}

• old books selling at 10 cents each
• You should have more sense at your age.
• The Renault was travelling at about 50 mph.
• Moon-dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three per cent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial cousins. ^本课

escape from... ^{逃离/脱离}

• The prisoner managed to escape from the high-security prison.^{这名囚犯设法逃离了这所高度设防的监狱。}
• We need a strategy to escape from the cycle of debt.^{我们需要一个摆脱债务循环的策略。}

The comparable speed from the Moon is only 1.5 miles per second.

comparable ^{adj. similar to sb./sth. else and able to be compared 相似的，可比的，相应的}

• The girls are of comparable ages. 
• A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much.
• By contrast, the comparable figure for the Netherlands is 16 per cent. 

Because the gravity on the Moon's surface is only a sixth of Earth's (remember how easily the Apollo astronauts bounded along), it takes much less energy to accelerate to that 1.5 miles per second than it does on Earth.

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972.  ^{阿波罗登陆计划}

Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the Moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on July 20, 1969. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21. Armstrong spent about two and a half hours outside the spacecraft, Aldrin slightly less, and together they collected 47.5 pounds of lunar material for return to Earth. 

bound ^{v. to run with long steps, esp. in an enthusiastic way 蹦着跑}

• The dogs bounded ahead. 
• The dog cleared the gate in one bound. ^{n.界限，限制；蹦跳，跳跃}

along ^{adv. going forward 向前}

• The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. 
• It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. 

Moon-dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three per cent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial cousins.

dweller ^{n.居民，居住者}

• The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. 
• Not every solo dweller has unhealthy habits. ^{并不是每个独居者的生活习惯都不健康。}
• John is really an office dweller. ^{约翰是个不折不扣的赖班族。}

make by ^{凭借，通过，依靠;方法、手段}

similar journeys made by their terrestrial cousins ^补全课文

cousin ^{n. a way of describing people from another country who are similar in some way to people in your own country 另一国家的类似的人；同胞}

• Canadian theater is very similar to its American cousin. ^{加拿大戏剧与其美国的同类艺术非常相似。}
• They felt like country cousins when they first visited the bustling capital. ^{当他们第一次访问繁华的首都时，感觉自己就像乡下亲戚进城一样。}
• Many politicians want to foster closer links with our European cousins.
• Whereas West Germans drink wine, their Eastern cousins prefer Schnapps. 

Arthur C. Clark once suggested a revolutionary idea passes through three phases: 1 'It's impossible -- don't waste my time.' 2 'It's possible, but not worth doing.'  3 'I said it was a good idea all along.'

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British-Sri Lankan science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.
原文：New ideas pass through three periods: It can't be done. It probably can be done, but it's not worth doing. I knew it was a good idea all along! ^{― Arthur C. Clarke}
类似的表达：All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident. ^{— Arthur Schopenhauer}

suggest ^{v. to say that something is likely to exist or be true 指出，提出}

• The cause of the problem, as Hutton suggests, is the leadership's refusal to accept any form of criticism. 
• I suggested that we take a break before continuing the work.^{我建议我们在继续工作前休息一下。}
• His tone suggested a lack of confidence in the plan.^{他的语气暗示了对这个计划缺乏信心。}

phase ^{n. 1. stage in a process of change or development 阶段，时期}

• But this phase of our development is now finished. 
• The renovation is currently in its second phase, which focuses on the interior design. ^{装修目前处于第二阶段，重点是室内设计。}
• The project will pass through several testing phases before its launch.^{该项目在发布前将经历几个测试阶段。}
• The patient is expected to pass through a difficult phase of recovery.^{病人预计将经历一个艰难的恢复阶段。}

phase ^{n. 2. each of the shapes of the moon as we see it from the earth at different times of the month 月相}

• They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. 
• The phases of the moon are caused by its position relative to the Earth and the Sun. ^{月相是由月球相对于地球和太阳的位置决定的。}

all along ^{from the very beginning 始终，一直，早就}

• I knew all along that it wasn't his real name. 
• Do you think he's been cheating us all along? 
• He knew the truth all along but chose to remain silent.^{他一直知道真相，但选择保持沉默。}
• The manager supported the project all along.^{这位经理一直支持这个项目。}

The idea of colonising Mars -- a world 160 times more distant than the Moon -- will move decisively from the second phase to the third, when a significant number of people are living permanently in space.

colonize / colonise ^{v. establish a colony in an area 建立殖民地}

• Britain colonized many parts of Africa. 
• semi-colonial and semi-feudal society ^{半封建半殖民地社会，半殖民地半封建社会}
• Early explorers attempted to colonise the newly discovered continent.^{早期探险家试图在新发现的大陆上殖民。}
• The mission is focused on how humans can eventually colonise another planet.^{这次任务的重点是人类最终如何殖民另一个星球。}

decisive ^{adj. 1. definite and clear in a way that leaves no doubt 确定无疑的}

• The answer was a decisive no. 
• All efforts have failed to locate decisively the birthplace of Columbus. 

decisive ^{adj. 2. very important for the final result of a particular situation 决定性的}

• The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 
• Germany had been decisively beaten and disarmed. 

decisive ^{adj. 3. able to decide sth. quickly and with confidence 果断的，当机立断的(褒义)}

• The government must take decisive action on gun control. 
• If we had acted more decisively it might not have come to this. 
• The project needs to move decisively from the planning stage to the execution stage.^{该项目需要果断地从规划阶段进入执行阶段。}
• The market moved decisively from bearish to bullish after the announcement.^{在公告发布后，市场果断地从熊市转向牛市。}

Mars has an extraordinary fascination for would-be voyagers.

extraordinary fascination ^{非凡的魅力/吸引力}

• The ancient ruins hold an extraordinary fascination for historians.^{这些古代遗迹对历史学家有着非凡的魅力。}
• Her personality possesses an extraordinary fascination that draws people in.^{她的个性拥有一种吸引人们的非凡魅力。}

would-be ^{adj. [only before noun] used to describe sb who is hoping to become the type of person mentioned 希望成为某种人的(只做前定，不能做表语)}

• The magazine offered advice to would-be entrepreneurs.^{这本杂志为那些想要成为企业家的潜在人士提供了建议。}
• Security forces intercepted a group of would-be smugglers at the border.^{安全部队在边境拦截了一群潜在的走私者。}

voyager ^{n. a person who goes on a long journey, esp. by ship to unknown parts of the world 长途旅行者，驾船探险者}

• The Voyager spacecraft would visit all of these. ^{航行者宇宙飞船将会全部到访。}
• NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has reached the outside edge of the solar system. ^{NASA的旅行者1号已到达太阳系外缘。}
• Planes following Voyager could see that the ends of the wings were badly damaged. ^{跟在“航行者”号后面的飞机可以看到它的机翼的后部严重受损。}

America, Russia and Europe are filled with enthusiasts -- many of them serious and senior scientists -- who dream of sending people to it.

enthusiast ^{n. a person who is very interested in sth. and spends a lot of time doing it 热心于某事的人，……爱好者，……迷}

• Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. 
• Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored.

America, Russia and Europe are filled with enthusiasts ― many of them (being) serious and senior scientists ― who dream of sending people to it. ^课文补全

• Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it (being) broken. 
• In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences ― most of them (being) wildly improbable. 

dream ^{v. to think about something that you would like to happen or have 梦想}

• He always dreamed of becoming a professional musician.^{他一直梦想着成为一名专业音乐家。}
• They dream of travelling the world after they retire.^{他们梦想着在退休后环游世界。}
• He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. 
• They had the kind of house we could only dream about. 

Their aim is understandable.

aim ^{n. 目标/目的}

• The main aim of the research is to find a cure for the disease.^{这项研究的主要目标是找到治愈这种疾病的方法。}
• My aim is to save enough money to buy a house next year.^{我的目标是存够钱明年买一套房子。}

It is the one world in the Solar System that is most like the Earth.

most like ...  ^最像...的

• Manchester City strike me as being most like China.
• Here is another instance where he is most like Jesus Christ.
• Of all the moons, Titan is considered to be the most like the Earth in terms of surface processes.^{在所有卫星中，就表面过程而言，土卫六被认为是最像地球的。}
• His painting style is most like the impressionists of the 19th century.^{他的绘画风格最像 19 世纪的印象派画家。}

It is a world of red sandy deserts (hence its name -- the Red Planet), cloudless skies, savage sandstorms, chasms wider than the Grand Canyon and at least one mountain more than twice as tall as Everest.

hence ^{adv. 1. (fml.) for this reason 因此(引出原因)}

• Crime is on the increase, hence the need for more police.
• His grandfather was Greek, hence the surname.
• Alcohol can cause liver failure and hence death.

hence ^{adv. 2. (fml.) from this time 从此时起（引出时间）}

• The project will be completed at the end of the decade, two years hence.
• The true consequences will only be known several months hence.

chasm ^{n. a deep crack or opening in the ground 深坑，深渊，峡谷}

• This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks. 
• It is more of a chasm than a gap.^{但这显然是一个鸿沟而不是什么缺口。}
• The tourists luxuriated in the beauties of the chasm. ^{游客们尽情地享受这个峡谷的美景。}
• The expedition discovered a series of deep chasms in the remote mountains.^{探险队在偏远的山区发现了一系列深邃的峡谷。}

canyon ^{n. a long deep valley with very steep sides made of rock 峡谷}

The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona in the United States. 

• Laguna Canyon Road was blocked off again northbound. ^{拉古纳峡谷路的北行道又被封了。}
• The best bit of the holiday was seeing the Grand Canyon. ^{假期中最精彩的片段是参观大峡谷。}
• Far up the west rim of the canyon, a coyote yipped twice. ^{远处峡谷的西岸，一只丛林狼嚎叫了两声。}

Everest / Mount Everest / Qomolangma mountain ^{珠穆朗玛峰}

the highest mountain in the world. Everest is in the Himalayas, on the border between Tibet and Nepal. 

• Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest. 
• I'd like to climb Qomolangma Mountain. ^{我想要攀登珠穆朗玛峰。}
• Qomolangma, the world's highest mountain is about 8,848 metres above sea level. ^{珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰，海拔约8848米。}

It seems ideal for settlement.

ideal ^{adj. the best or most suitable that something could possibly be 理想的，最佳的，最适合的(没有比较级，本身为最高级)}

• Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. 
• ideal weather for a holiday 
• He's the ideal husband for her. 
• The sandy beaches are ideal for families with young children.