The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.

the necessity of doing sth. ^{做某事的必要性}

• The report stresses the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. ^{名词做中心词更庄严、正式}
• The report stresses that it is necessary to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. ^中式表达

offer sth. to sb. ^{给某人提供某事}

• They offered me a new job.^{向我提供了一份新工作}
• The hotel offers many services to its guests.^{为客人提供许多服务}

This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

mass ^{n. throng; a large crowd 一大群人}

• There was a mass of people waiting outside the gate.
• The government is promoting mass education. ^{群众教育(mass 当定语修饰另一个名词)}
• The story was covered by the mass media. ^大众传媒
• The treaty aims to reduce weapons of mass destruction.^{大规模杀伤性武器}

Civilized men like such a way of living.

a way of living ^{一种生活方式}

• Thankfulness is a way of living more fully. ^{感恩是让生活更充实的一种方式。}
• A healthy diet is part of a healthy way of living.
• Abundance is a life style, a way of living your life. ^{富足是一种生活方式。}

While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.

While / Although / Though ^{尽管（引导让步状语从句）}

• While she is a likable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.
• While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. ^考研英语
• While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
• While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

dwelling  ^{住宅（优雅表达）}

• He returned to his humble dwelling after a long journey.
• Please feel free to visit my humble dwelling whenever you are in the city. ^{您在城里时，请随时来我的寒舍坐坐。}
• They sat in an aerial dwelling, and it flew with them through the air. ^{他们坐在一个空中的房子里，房子和他们一起在空中飞行。}

be deprived of ... ^{被剥夺了...}

the necessities of life：the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature, the intimacy of people, etc. But city dwellers are deprived of all these valuable things in the concrete jungle.

• The prisoners were deprived of sunlight and fresh air.
• They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights. ^{他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。}
  He was under discussion and it made him feel deprived of his humanity. ^{他受到议论，这使他觉得自己被剥夺了人格。}

The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

consist of ^{由...组成 (强调静态构成，不能用于被动语态)}

• The committee consists of five experts and a chairperson. ^{委员会由五位专家和一位主席组成。}
• The lungs consist of millions of tiny air sacs. ^{肺包含数百万个小肺泡。}
• The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company. ^{该师将由两个坦克连和一个步兵连组成。}
• The committee is composed of ten members.

pollutants / problems ^{污染/问题}

• Exposure to heavy petrol fumes can cause serious health problems. ^{暴露在大量的汽油废气中会引起严重的健康问题。}
• Workers must wear protective masks to avoid inhaling toxic gases in the factory. ^{工人必须戴上防护面罩，以避免吸入工厂里的有毒气体。}
• The city is trying new methods to combat severe air pollution caused by traffic. ^{这座城市正在尝试新方法来对抗交通造成的严重空气污染。}
• the problem of overpopulation ^{(thronged ceaselessly by great crowds)}

torn by ^{被...撕裂/打破}

• Noise pollution can make people deaf. ^{噪音污染会使人耳聋。}
• The silence was torn by a sudden scream.^{被一声尖叫打破}

Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ^{总结句（concluding sentence）}

for the good of... ^{为了...的利益}

• He resigned from the committee for the good of the organization. ^{他为了组织的利益而辞去了委员会职务。}
• We must act for the sake of future generations. ^{为了后代的利益}
• The money was raised for the benefit of charity. ^{为了慈善事业的利益}
• The change was made in the interest of public safety. ^{公共安全的利益}
• She spoke on behalf of all the students. ^{代表所有学生发言}