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什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语（主要动词）的动词形式。它们不具备时态和人称的变化，并且通常以动词的基本形式、动名词或过去分词的形式出现。非谓语动词在句子中通常用作动词、形容词或副词的补语，或者用作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
| 当名词使用(宾/主/表) | to do 不定式 | to eat、to swim、to study ... | It was his job to repair bicycles and... 形式主语(真正主语为 to do;当doing做主语太长也可以使用it代替哟~) |
|---|---|---|---|
| doing动名词 | eating、swimmin、studying ... | Fishing is my favourite sport.（To fish可替换Fishing，N年前区别在于doing经常做、to do 偶尔做，但现在无区别） | |
| 做状语、定语 | Passing planes can be heard night and day.定语 | ||
| done过去分词 | eaten、swum、studied ... | I was the only passenger left on the bus.定语 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up ... 做状语 | |
| to do | to + v. (动词原型) ... | I have a lot of homework to do. 定语 |
非谓语动词在句子中的使用方式和功能取决于它们在句子结构中的位置和上下文。常见的用法包括不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、独立非谓语动词等。非谓语动词的正确使用对于理解和构建复杂句子非常重要。
| 分类 | doing 主动 | to do 目的 | done 被动 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 特殊用法 | 相当于名词来做主语、宾语、表语等 | 只能用于定语、状语 | |
| 非谓语动词？ | 单独出现在句子里(句子里已有谓语或者特殊用法时)，否则 be doing 是正在进行时、have done 是现在完成时等 | ||
| 做为主语 | Fishing is my favourite sport. | To fish is my favourite sport. | - |
| Repairing bicycles was his job.(不能换为形式主语) | It was his job to repair bicycles. | ||
| 做为(介)宾语 | I often fish for hours without catching anything. | 介后可以接：名词、代词和doing | |
| 做为(动)宾语 | Both men started running through the trees. | Both men started to run through the trees. | |
| 做为表语 | My dream is travelling around the world. | My dream is to travel around the world. | |
| 修饰句子/名词做定语 | Passing planes can be heard night and day. | I have a lot of homework to do. | I was the only passenger left on the bus. |
| 修饰句子/名词做状语 | Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger. | I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view... | Armed with the new machine, they went into the cave.. |
什么时候用非谓语动词？
| 动词的宾语 |
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|---|---|
| 作为主语 |
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| 作为定语 |
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| 作为状语 |
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| 宾语补足语 |
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