动名词_夸克英语笔记

精讲课笔记随视频锁定

动名词

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

课文理解

动名词(doing)可以做主语、宾语、介词宾语等

doing ^做主语	Washing the car made me tired. Fishing is my favourite sport.
doing ^{做宾语(介词后)} ^{介宾短语：在所有的介词后doing都可以做宾语。}	I often fish for hours without catching anything. Before leaving the office, he gave me a book. I am very keen on cycling. He sat there without saying anything. ^{他坐在那里, 一言不发} That’s no excuse for not mending the chair! ^{这不是你不修椅子的借口！}

特殊的介词 to

介词 ^{朝着某一个“方向”}	go to school
介词 ^{接名词(包括了doing动名词)、代词 → 介宾}	I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow. I am accustomed to getting up early. ^{熟悉某事：习惯于某种情况或行为。} 等于 I am used to getting up early. ^习惯于
不定式 ^{“目的”做某事}	I'm coming to see you.
表示“目的”用 to do ^{(接动词原型)}	动词不定式在英语中具有多种用法和作用，可以根据句子结构和上下文来判断它的具体含义。

部分动宾 to 做介词接动词原型

start / begin / continue ...	接 doing 与 to do意思相同¹。	The men started to run through the trees. = The men started running through the trees.
love/like/hate/dislike	接 doing 与 to do 意思不同²(总是与偶尔的区别)。	I hate to disturb you, but can I come in? ^{(只讨厌这一次)} I hate disturbing people when they are busy.^{(总是讨厌)}
need doing	主动表示被动³	The strap broke and it needs mending.

动名词还可以用于“动词 + 介词”之后

look forward to doing sth. ^{期待、盼望做某事}	I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow.
be accustomed to doing sth. ^{习惯于做某事}	I am accustomed to getting up early. ^{我习惯早起.}
be used to doing sth. ^{习惯做某事}	I am used to getting up early. ^{我习惯早起.}
used to do ^{过去常常做(但现在不做了)}	I used to get up early but I don't anymore. ^{我过去常早起, 但现在不再早起了。}

devote to doing sth. ^{奉献给某事, 把…奉献给…}	devote oneself to doing sth.^{(全身心投入做某事)}
You have to devote to volunteering. ^{你必须投身于志愿活动。} But until that day comes, we must devote major chunks of our precious time to doing our laundry. ^{但只要这一天不到，我们就还得把大量宝贵的时间用在洗衣上。}	She devotes herself to teaching. My mother ^{devotes herself to doing} homework.

object to doing sth. ^{反对做某事}	get/be tired of doing sth. ^{对…厌烦, 作为系动词 get 可与be 替换}
I object to eating out. ^{我反对在外面吃饭}	I'm somewhat tired of working here.^{我有点厌倦在这里工作了。}

believe in ^{信任,信仰}

believe in + sb. ^{表示信任某人,信仰某人}	Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
believe in + doing sth. ^{表示我的信条是...}	I belive in taking it easy. ^{（take it easy 轻松,放松,慢慢来）}

accuse sb. of doing sth. ^{因某事控告某人}

The police accused him of stealing. ^{警方控告他犯有盗窃罪.}

在 love，like，prefer 等动词后 ^{用不定式和动名词意义有所区别}

hate,love,like+doing sth. ^{表示一种习惯(always)}	I hate to do sth.… ^不喜欢…
hate,love,like+to do sth. ^{表示某一次性的行为(now)}	I hate to say I have no money , but I really need some. ^{说明这个人要向你借钱了} I hate to say but I really have something important to do.
would love /like to do sth. ^{表示想要, 习惯于在前面加 would}	Would you like to…? 而不会用 “Do you like…?” ^{他只关心你现在想吃什么,而不管你平常吃什么。}
prefer…to…^{结构中只能用动名词}	Why don’t you drive to work instead of walking? ^{你想拒绝别人的邀请时可用的句型} I prefer walking to driving.
在 start，begin，continue 等后面	I began to learn/learning English two years ago. ^{可以用不定式又可以用动名词,区别不大}

在 need，want 之后，动名词形式具有被动的含义，相当于被动的不定式,如果以物体做主语，可以直接加动词-ing，表达被动的含义：

My shirt is torn. It needs mending. ^{我的衬衫撕破了, 需要缝补.}
Those windows are dirty. They want washing. ^{那些窗户很脏, 需要洗刷.}