| 时间/语态 | 过去完成时 在过去某个时间或事件之前 | 现在完成时 在过去某个时间或事件之前或包括当前时间 |
|---|---|---|
| 动词形式 | had + done | have/has + done |
| 关联词 | before, after, by the time, already | since, for, just, yet, so far |
| 示例 | When he got there, she was not there. She had left. | He has already finished his homework. |
过去完成时与现在完成的角度相同，但出发点不同，过去完成时站在过去往前看，现在完成时站在现在往前面。
- It is 10:00.I have waited for 2 hours. 现在完成时
- It was 10:00.I had waited for 2 hours. 过去完成时
过去完成时、一般过去时和过去将来时
| 时态 | 过去完成时 Past Perfect 过去某个时间或事件之前 |
一般过去时 Simple Past 过去的某个具体时间 |
过去将来时 Future in the Past 过去某个时间点认为将会发生的动作或事件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 动词形式 | had + done | did | would/should + do |
| 强调动作完成时间 | 是 | 否 | |
| 描述动作发生时的状态 | 描述过去某个时间或事件之前已经发生或完成的动作 | 描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态 | 描述过去的观点或计划等 |
| 示例 | By the time I arrived, they had already left. | I walked to the park yesterday. | She said she would call me later. |
| 过去完成时(最先) | 一般过去时(然后) | 过去将来时(最后) |
|---|---|---|
| A few hours earlier, someone had told the police § | The plane was late... | that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. |
| ...a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. § | On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. | It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. |
不规则动词的变化 §
| 原型 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| leave | left | left | leaving |
| learn | learned | learned | |
| learnt | learnt | ||
| drive | drove | driven | driving |
| speak | spoke | spoken |