ask ^{v. 问，询问；请求，要求，邀请}

• I asked (Mary) a question. ^问问题
• They asked Tony to sing a song. ^{他们请托尼唱首歌。}
• They asked her to spend the weekend with them. ^{他们邀请她和他们一起度周末。}
• ask for the answer. ^问答案
• I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.^{我要一杯咖啡，但他们给了我一杯茶。}
• You are always asking for help. ^{你总是在寻求帮助}

Except for ^{句首、句中（except for 含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意，强调整体当中某一方面除外。剩下的整体都不错。）}

• The article is very good except for his handwriing.
• Except for his height, he is very excellent.

besides ^{除…之外（还）}

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，还有这个人也做了（包括），是加号=besides；如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，这个人没有做（排除），是减号=except；如果放在句首，统一用 apart from 代替 except/besides

which of ^{那一个（当询问在多个中的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时）}

• Which of the two do you prefer?
• There are three books on the table. Which of them is yours?

both of ^{两者都（它用在名词前时，of 可省略，当用在代词前面时不可省略）}

• Both books/Both of the books are interesting.
• I like both of these bags.
• Both of us/them left early.

either of sb. ^{两者中的任何一个(肯定)用于肯定语境，表示在两者中的任何一个。}

• I don't like the book.
• Either of them. ^{选择一个使用}
• My sister doesn't like it either^{(否定“也”)}.
• You can choose either of the two options.

neither of sb. ^{(否定)任何一个都"不"}

1. Which bag shall I use?
2. Neither of us likes it. ^{(不定代词)}
3. It doesn’t matter which. 随便
4. Neither of them. Use a suitcase. ^{哪个都不行。用个手提箱吧。}

either 与 neither 都是对两个人或物而言^{（后接单数名词）}。either 指 one or the other^{（不是这个就是那个）}，either 和 neither 后跟 of 时则指两个事物中的每一个。