Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.
be trapped in 被困在
- He is trapped in an unhappy marriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
- The insect is trapped in the spider's web.蜘蛛捕捉缠在网上的昆虫。
If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.真实条件句(主情从现)
lose sb. live 失去某人的生命(表示生命时live是可数的)
- love your life or lose your live. 爱你的生活，否则就失去你的生命
- Thousands lose their lives in the disaster.数千人死于这场灾祸。
- If they make a mistake, people lose their lives.他们犯错，别人就会失去生命。
- Every year many people get hurt or lose their lives.每年很多人在交通事故中受伤或失去生命。
| If they are not brought to the surface soon 从句：一般现在 | they may lose their lives. 主句：情态动词 |
However, rescue operations are proving difficult.
prove vt. 证明是，结果是
- What he had told us proved false.
If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. 真实条件句(主将从现)
| If explosives are used, | vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. |
| 一般条件句 If + 从句 (现在时) | 表达可能发生的情况主句(将来时) |
Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
| therefore adv. 因此，所以（可独立使用，也可位于动词前） | so conj. 所以，因此（不能放在动词前） |
|---|---|
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| rescue workers 救援人员 | rescue operations 救援行动 |
|---|---|
| Rescue workers were at the scene.救援人员在现场。 | The bad weather hampered rescue operations.恶劣的天气阻碍了救助行动。 |
| Rescue workers were at the scene, but the bad weather hampered rescue operations. | |
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 假设过去
there had not been 是一个there be结构
| beneath adv.（更隐秘的）下方 | under adv.在…表面下 |
|---|---|
| On a shelf beneath he spotted a photo album. 在下方的书架上他发现了一本相册。 | He took a deep breath before he went under. 他在钻下水前深深地吸了口气。 |
| If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, | they would have completed the job in a few hours. |
| If 从句(过去完成) | 主句 could/would/should/might + have done |
As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
as it is = as it was 事实上，实际上
- I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
- I promised to return books yesterday.As it is, I won’t be able to do so until next Monday.
Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
enable vt. 使…能够
- The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.
前缀 en-加在名词或形容词前 可以使这个词成为动词
| 名词/形容词 | 动词 |
|---|---|
| danger n.危险 | endanger（危及，使遭受危险） |
| large adj.大号的 | enlarge（扩大，扩展，扩充） |
| slave n.奴隶 | enslave（奴役，使成为奴隶） |
| trap n.陷阱 | entrap（使…入陷阱/圈套，欺骗） |
keep in touch with 与…保持联系（可以用 stay，get 等其他动词）
- George is in close touch with Ian.
- Can you get in touch with the company?
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
run out of 用完，用尽
- I need to go to the store because I've run out of milk.我需要去商店，因为我已经用完了牛奶。
They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.
| They have been told | that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. |
| have been told 被告知 | are progressing smoothly (正在)进展顺利 |
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 虚拟条件句假设现在
| If they knew | how difficult | it was to drill through the hard rock, | they would lose heart. |
| 从句向后退 know→knew |
How引导 | it(形式主语)... to drill...(逻辑主语) | 条件主句 (主句4选1：colud\would... + do) |
| 宾语从句 | |||
| If条件状语从句 | |||