Lesson 44 Patterns of culture 【单词列表】

predominant ^{adj. more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others 显著的，主要的，多数的}

• Research forms the predominant part of my job.
• Dancers have a predominant role in this performance. 

predominate ^{v. 占多数，最重要，最显著}

• In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger.
• Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good. 

predominance ^{n. 多数，优势}

• a predominance of boys in the class
• Britain's naval predominance 

“dom” = rule ^统治

• dominate ^{v. 统治，支配，占优势}
• dominant ^{adj. 最重要的，占支配地位的}
• domination ^{n. 统治，支配}
• dominion ^{n. 统治，管辖；领土，版图}
• predominate ^{“pre” = before v. 占多数，最重要，最显著}
• predominant ^{adj. 显著的，主要的，多数的}
• predominance ^{n. 多数，优势}

manifest ^{adj. clear; obvious 明显的}

• Your first edit is to the manifest file. ^{首先要编辑的是清单文件。}
• All of this over an election with manifest shortcomings. ^{但是他们都忽视了此次选举中存在的明显不足。}
• Musical talent usually manifests itself in childhood. ^{vt. 使…显露出来}
• The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. ^{vt. 使…显露出来}

incumbent ^{adj. 1. necessary as part of sb’s duty 有责任，有义务，必须履行的}

• It is incumbent upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safety procedure.

incumbent ^{adj. 2. having an official position 现任的；在职的}

• He has greater faith in the current incumbent, Rafael Correa. ^{他对现在在任的拉斐尔·科雷亚更有信心。}
• The next incumbent will be the person who really defines the role. ^{下一个现任者将是能够定义这个角色的人。}
• The incumbent senator is facing a tough challenge in the upcoming election. ^{现任参议员在即将到来的选举中面临着严峻的挑战。}

“cumb / cub” = lie down ^躺下

• incumbent ^{“in” = into adj. 有责任，有义务，必须履行的；现任的}
• encumber ^{“en” = in v. 妨碍，阻碍}
• cumbersome ^{“some”（形容词后缀）adj. 笨重的}
• concubine ^{“con” = together n. 妾，姨太太，小老婆}
• succumb ^{“sub” = under v. 屈从，服从}
• recumbent ^{“re” = back adj. 躺着的}

nebula ^{n. a mass of gas and dust among the stars, which often appears as a bright cloud in the sky at night 星云}

• And here you see the Crab Nebula. ^{这是蟹状星云。}
• The vast Cat's Paw Nebula in Scorpius. ^{天蝎座里巨大的猫爪星云。}
• See photos of new planetary nebula. ^{查看新的关于行星云团的照片。}
• We have a nebula! ^{我们创造了一座星云！}

barbarian ^{n. 1. a member of a group of people from a very different country or culture that is considered to be less socially advanced and more violent than your own 野蛮人}

• barbarian invasions of the fifth century
• Did he know that I had been the Barbarian Tyrant? ^{他还知道我就是那个野蛮人暴君吗？}
• Take a barbarian, childless wife and dare call her queen? ^{娶一个不育的蛮女让我们叫她王后？}

barbarian ^{n. 2. a person with little education who has no interest in art and culture 没有教养的人}

• How can you call those barbarians your friends?
• The barbarian customs of the villagers astonished us. ^{村民的野鸾习俗令我们吃惊。}
• The rest of the clan thinks the uniform is only fit for a barbarian or a man of the lowest class. ^{家族里的其他人员认为，这样的制服只适合野蛮人或最低贱的人穿。}

sophistication ^{n. 1. the sophistication of machines or methods is their quality of being more advanced or complex than others 高级，复杂，先进；}

• Given the sophistication of modern machines, there is little that cannot be successfully washed at home.
• The latter system needs a great deal of sophistication and computing.  ^{后一种系统需作大量的改进和计算.}

sophistication ^{n. 2. the quality of being comfortable in social situations and knowing about culture, fashion, and other matters that are considered socially important 老练，世故}

• She spoke simply and directly, without sophistication.
• She cultivated an air of sophistication. ^{她养成了一派精明练达的气度。}
• Or maybe a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication. ^{或许是当地的一个富人想要炫耀他老练的世故。}

sophistication ^{n. 3. the quality of being intelligent and knowing a lot, so that you are able to understand complicated situations 聪明，有经验，理解力强}

• computer users with a high degree of sophistication

sophisticated ^{adj. 1. (of machine, device, or method) more advanced or complex than others 高级的，复杂的，先进的}

• sophisticated modern weapons
• Bees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect.

sophisticated ^{adj. 2. comfortable in social situations and knows about culture, fashion, and other matters that are considered socially important 老练的，世故的}

• He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated.

sophisticated ^{adj. 3. intelligent and knows a lot, so that they are able to understand complicated situations 聪明的，有经验的，理解力强的}

• Consumers are getting more sophisticated and more demanding.