An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time. 在职者
adjective [原级] 在职的，现任的；职责所在的，义不容辞的；（公司）占市场份额大的
...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator. …惟一击败了现任参议员的候选人。
noun [专属名词] 在职者，现任官员；教区牧师，领圣俸者
In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being re-elected. 一般情况下，现任官员有94%的几率会再次当选。
- incumbent 出现在下面的课文中（提供视频、音频及笔记等可系统性学习）
- Lesson 44 Patterns of culture incumbent 形容词: 义不容辞的，有责任的
in + cumb(躺) + ent → 躺在(职位)上的人 → 在职者
- 网友用 “Incumbent” 造句精选
- She felt it was incumbent on herself to act immediately. 她感到立即采取行动是她义不容辞的责任。
- The tight race is almost a duplicate of the elections in Georgia and South Dakota last month that pitted a Republican challenger against a Democratic incumbent. 这次紧张的竞选几乎是上个月在佐治亚州和南达科他州选举的翻版，由一个共和党的挑战者竞争一个现任的民主党人。
incumbent 的重要知识点
incumbent adj. 1. necessary as part of sb’s duty 有责任，有义务，必须履行的
- It is incumbent upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safety procedure.
| be incumbent on / upon sb. 是某人的职责；义不容辞 | It is incumbent on all of us to speak out against injustice. 面对不公正，我们所有人都有责任大声疾呼。 |
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| be incumbent on sb. to do sth. 某人有义务做某事 | She felt it was incumbent upon her to raise the issue during the meeting. 她觉得在会议上提出这个问题是她的责任。 |
incumbent adj. 2. having an official position 现任的；在职的
- He has greater faith in the current incumbent, Rafael Correa. 他对现在在任的拉斐尔·科雷亚更有信心。
- The next incumbent will be the person who really defines the role. 下一个现任者将是能够定义这个角色的人。
- The incumbent senator is facing a tough challenge in the upcoming election. 现任参议员在即将到来的选举中面临着严峻的挑战。
| the incumbent president 现任总统 | During the debate, the incumbent president defended the administration's economic policies. 在辩论中，现任总统为政府的经济政策进行了辩护。 |
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“cumb / cub” = lie down 躺下
- incumbent “in” = into adj. 有责任，有义务，必须履行的；现任的
- encumber “en” = in v. 妨碍，阻碍
- cumbersome “some”（形容词后缀）adj. 笨重的
- concubine “con” = together n. 妾，姨太太，小老婆
- succumb “sub” = under v. 屈从，服从
- recumbent “re” = back adj. 躺着的