表达过去正在进行或者持续进行的动作。过去动作同时发生的时态,习惯上一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时;动作长用过去进行时,动作短用一般过去时;
| 陈述句 |
否定句 |
一般疑问句 |
特殊疑问句 |
| She was reading a book at 11:00 last night. |
She was not reading a book at 11:00 last night. |
Was she reading a book at 11:00 last night? |
What was she doing at 11:00 last night? |
过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用,如 all morning,all night,all day,all evening,the whole week 等,表示这段时间一直在干什么。
- What were you doing all evening?
- I couldn’t find you anywhere.
| 过去进行时 |
一般过去时 |
| 表示过去正在进行的动作或情况。 |
表示比较短暂的动作或事件。 |
| 正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when与while 当…时候(强调动作同时发生),as,just as 等引导。 |
过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用来表达多个动作同时发生。 |
过去动作同时发生的时态
过去两个动作同时发生 (动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时) |
两个动作在同时段进行 (在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作发生, 先发生的动作用进行时态, 另一个动作用过去时。) |
- I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.
- When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.
|
- When I was opening the door, the telephone rang. 先开门
- When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响
|
| 瞬间动词(不使用进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态, 瞬间动词使用过去时态:arrive、open、close...) |
| When he arrived, I was having dinner. |
I am arriving. 瞬间动词的进行时态表示将要 |
动词短语中的小品词
许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义,这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。 有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。
判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语,介词的位置相对固定,不能变动。
及物动词词组的宾语若是名词可放中间可放末尾,若是代词只能放中间;不及物动词词组的宾语无论名词代词只能放末尾。
| 有宾语:介词 |
无宾语:副词 |
| vi.&vt. + prep./adv. + 宾语(n.) |
She is walking up the hill. |
vt. + 宾语(n./pron.) + adv. |
I always take money with me. 我身上总带些钱 |
- take off the coat = take the coat off = take it off
- put on your shoes = put your shoes on = put them on
|
动词短语
| pull down…(摧毁或破坏) |
They have pulled down the old building. |
| pull one's leg 开玩笑 |
You are pulling my leg.你开我玩笑 |
| make up… (编造,虚构;化妆) |
Make up your mind.(make up one's mind) |
| ask for…(请求、要求) |
He asked for permission to leave.ask (sb.) for sth. |