A trip to Australia. to 去往…
- a trip to Shanghai 上海之行
- a trip to New York 纽约之行
- a train to London 开往伦敦的火车
- a bus to King Street 开往国王街的公车
| trip(短期的、短途的) | travel(长期的、长途的) | journey(中长期、旅程中) |
|---|---|---|
| n.旅行、旅游 | v.旅行、旅游 | n.旅行，旅程；历程，过程 |
| On Thursday we went out on a day trip. 周四我们出去旅行了一天。 |
He detested air travel. 他厌恶空中旅行。 |
The journey time is two hours. 旅程时间为两个小时。 |
| Are you traveling anytime soon? If so, where are you going on your trip? I hope the journey goes smoothly and that you have a great time. | ||
This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.(关系词做从句的宾语)
| This is | a photograph |
关系词(省略了) |
I took during my trip to Australia. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主 + 系 | 先行词（被修饰的词) | 从句 | |
| This is a photograph. | I took a photograph during my trip to Australia. | ||
| This is a photograph | which/that | I took during my trip to Australia. | |
这里的which/that是代替了原句( a photograph)的，是（I took）的宾语。关系词在下面2种情况下可省略：
|
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This is a photograph.I took which during my trip to Australia.
* 组织定语从句的步骤？
找定语 → 找先行词 （被修饰词）→ 颠倒顺序 → 插入关系词 : This is a gift (which) I bought in the US. 这是我在美国买的礼物。
They are people I met during the trip.
| 简单句 | 定语从句 | 关系词做宾语 |
|---|---|---|
| They are people. I met the people during the trip. |
They are people (whom / who) I met during the trip. | They are people I met during the trip. |
They are people I met (whom / who) during the trip. （位置不对）
They are people I met during my study in the US. 他们是我在美国学习期间认识的人。
定语从句关系词的省略 §
| 口语中 | 先行词作宾语时(先行词=关系词) |
|---|---|
| This is a photo I took during..（I took a photo.） | They are people I met during…（I met the people.） |
先行词被省略的演变过程
| 简单句 | 定语从句 | 关系词省略规则 |
|---|---|---|
| He says he is the man. The man bought these books. 先行词（the man）＋ 关系词 （The man ⇒ who）＋句子 |
He says he is the man who bought these books. 关系词(who)替换的是从句里的The man |
因为这个关系词(who)在第二句话中做主语（不能被省略） |
| She is the girl. She met me yesterday. 先行词（the girl）＋引导词 （She ⇒ who）＋句子 |
She is the girl who met me yesterday. 关系词(who)替换的是从句里的she |
关系词(who)代替了she做主语（不能被省略） |
| She is the nurse. She looked after me. 先行词（the nurse）＋引导词 （She ⇒ who）＋句子 |
She is the nurse who looked after me. 关系词(who)替换的是从句里的she |
关系词(who)代替的She做主语（不能被省略） |
| That's the ship. We travelled on the ship. 先行词（the ship）＋ 关系词 （the ship ⇒ which）＋句子 |
That's the ship which we travelled on. 关系词(which)替换的是从句里的 the ship 做We travelled的宾语 |
That's the ship we travelled on. 关系词(which)在从句中做宾语(可被省略) |
He telephoned again. §
如果把这句话说全应该是：He telephoned me again. 这是因为如果2个人谈话，能理解其意思的情况下，可以将宾语省略掉。因为大家都知道被谈论的对象(宾语)是什么。
结论：宾语最大的特性是可以省略掉。
That's the ship we traveled on. 那就是我们乘坐的那艘船
| That's the ship.We travelled on the ship.分拆成简单句 | |
| That's the ship which we travelled on. 这也是句尾保留“on”的真实原因。 | That’s the bus he traveled on. 这就是他乘坐的那辆公交车。 |
That's the man I told you about. 那就是我跟你谈论过的那人。
| That's the man.I told you about the man. 简单句 | |
| That's the man (whom / who) I told you about. | That’s the news I heard about. 那就是我听说过的那消息 |
The one who offered you a job in Australia.
- The one. Someone offered you a job in Australia. 这里的who替代的是Someone，在这里是主语，所以是不能被省略的。
I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.
| 代词(只能在中间) | 名词(在尾部) | 名词(在中间) |
|---|---|---|
| shave it off | shave off the beard | shave the beard off |
| take it off the plane | look at my watch | took the parcel off the plane |