精讲课 笔记随视频锁定
现在完成时态

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

现在完成时态用来描述过去发生的动作或事件与现在的关联。它通常表示一个过去的行为、经历或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时态里的动作是过去发生的，到现在这个时间时，可以全部完成，也可以部分完成。
全部完成（可以转为一般过去时） 部分完成
  • I have watched this movie. (已看过了) → I watched this movie.(过去看过)
  • She has finished her homework.(已完成作业) → She finished her homework. (过去做了作业)
  • She has lived in New York for five years.(现在依然住纽约)
  • She lived in New York for five years. (过去住了5年)

动词与时态的关系

原型 三单(现在时) 过去式(一般过去时) 过去分词(完成时) 现在分词(进行时)
do
(规则)		 does did done doing
一般情况 + s 一般情况 + ed 一般情况 + ing
以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i + es 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i + ed 以ie结尾，变ie为y + ing
  • 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 + es
  • 以辅音 + o 结尾 + es
  • 以字母 e 结尾 + d
  • 辅+元+辅(汉堡包结构),将辅音字母双写+ed
  • 以字母 e 结尾,去掉e + ing
  • 以重读闭音节结尾且最后只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写结尾辅音字母后再加上 -ing

现在完成时态

陈述句 否定句 一般疑问句
主语 + has\have + done have\ has + not have\ has 提前
I have aired the room. You have not aired the room. Have you aired the room?
He has watched the movie. He has not watched the movie. Has he watched the movie?
We have arrived in Beijing. We have not arrived in Beijing. Have we arrived in Beijing?
I have had breakfast. You have not had breakfast. Have you had breakfast?
He has had his holiday. He has not had his holiday. Has he had his holiday?
She has had a haircut. She has not had a haircut. Has she had a haircut?
have/has 这里不会翻译任何的意思出来，在现在完成时里的have/has与一般现在时里的do/does一样是助动词，用于帮助实义动词的过去分词实现现在完成时态的。
所以have/has的用法也和do/does一样。在否定句、疑问里面直接提前或者加not。