精讲课 笔记随视频锁定
观点

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解,边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.

Whether 引导从句 表示“是否”时不能用if的几种情况

主语从句位于句首时 If / whether she likes the present is not clear to me.   It is not clear to me if / whether she likes the present.
引导表语从句时 The question is if we have enough money The question is whether we have enough money.
引导同位语从句时 You have yet to answer my question if I can count on your help. You have yet to answer my question whether I can count on your help.
作介词宾语时 He was worrying about if he had hurt her feelings. He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 
引导动词不定式时 I don't know if to see my doctor today. I don't know whether to see my doctor today.
直接跟or not时 Please tell me if or not you agree
  • Please tell me whether or not you agree.
  • Please tell me if / whether you agree or not.

largely chiefly / to a great extent 很大程度上、主要

  • His later years were devoted largely to charitable work. 他晚年主要从事慈善工作。
  • Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite. 权力主要集中在少数精英人物的手里。
动词 + on
Whether you find a joke funny or not largely rests / relies / rides / hinges / leans on where we have been brought up. 替换
depend on ... 取决于... Success depends on how hard you work.成功取决于你多么努力工作。
rest on ... 依赖于,依靠于 The outcome of the trial rests on the evidence provided.审判的结果取决于提供的证据。
rely on... 依赖、依靠、信任  You can always rely on her for help.你总是可以依靠她的帮助。
ride on ... 依靠;骑在…上面;取决于 His future rides on the results of this exam.他的未来取决于这次考试的结果。
hinge on ... 取决于、依赖于(某事物) The decision hinges on the board's approval.决定取决于董事会的批准。
lean on ... 依靠、倚靠 During tough times, she would lean on her friends for support.在困难时期,她会依靠朋友的支持。
形容词 + on
Whether you find a joke funny or not is largely dependent / based / built / founded on where we have been brought up. 替换
be dependent on ... 依赖于 The project's success is dependent on timely funding.项目的成功取决于资金是否及时到位。
 be based on ... 基于,以…为基础 The movie is based on a true story.这部电影是根据真实故事改编的。
 be built on ... 建立在…基础上 The company's reputation is built on trust and quality.公司的声誉建立在信任和质量的基础上。
be founded on ... 基于某事物 The principles are founded on years of research and experience.这些原则建立在多年的研究和经验之上。
形容词 + By
Whether you find a joke funny or not is largely decided / dictated / determined by where we have been brought up. 替换
be decided by ... 由…决定 The winner will be decided by a panel of judges.胜者将由一个评审小组决定。
be dictated by ... 由…决定,受…支配 The terms of the contract are dictated by the company's policies.合同条款由公司的政策决定。
be determined by ... 由…决定 The outcome of the election is determined by the voters.选举结果由选民决定。

bring up sb. 抚养某人:指照顾、培养某人

  • He was brought up by his step-mother.

be brought up to do 从小就 

raise sb. 养人、动物

  • My mother was an amazing woman. She raised four of us kids virtually singlehandedly.  我母亲是个了不起的女人。她几乎是独自抚养大了我们4个孩子。
  • I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.我不知道是否能独立抚养一个孩子。

foster / adopt sb. 领养(某人)

  • adopted son 养子
  • adoptive parents / foster-parents 养父母

The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.

The sense of humour 幽默感

  • the sense of pride 自豪感
  • the sense of honor 荣誉感
  • the sense of accomplishment 成就感
  • the sense of responsibility 责任感
  • the sense of superiority 优越感
  • the sense of inferiority 自卑感
be bound up with ... = be closely connected with ... 与…密切相关、紧密相连 Everyone's future is bound up with the destiny of the Chinese nation.
be bound to do ... 必须、注定 On our road ahead, we are bound to meet with difficulties.
be / feel bound to do ... 一定要做… I felt bound to tell him the truth.
be / feel obliged to do ... 有义务、被迫做 However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given ...
bind sb. to do 约束某人做某事 The Kyoto Protocol binds each country to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. 《京都议定书》要求各国减少温室气体的排放气体。

A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.

a Frenchman 名词(单数) an Englishman
the French the + 形容词 = 一类人(复数) the English / British
A Frenchman , for instance,  might find  it  hard  to laugh at a Russian joke.
主语 插入语 谓语 形式宾语 宾补 真正宾语
  • No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.

In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.

In the same way 同样地(放句首时加逗号)

  • likewise adv.同样地
  • similarly adv.相似地;同样
  • by the same token 同样地;出于同样原因

laugh to tears 笑出流泪

  • be bored to tears / death 无聊透顶

laugh one's head off 大笑不止

... which would make an Englishman laugh his head off. 替换
  • clap one's hands off 拍手(热烈鼓掌)
  • cry one's eyes out 悲痛欲绝 、泪如雨下 
contrast 对比(对照鲜明、语义明确)
A Frenchman might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
A Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
A mother takes twenty years to make a man of her boy, and another woman makes a fool of him in twenty minutes.
Men always want to be a woman's first love; women have a more subtle instinct: what they like is to be a man's last romance.