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非谓语动词 doing 修饰名词时叫"定语"、修饰句子时叫"状语" L55
| 现在分词 修饰名词或句子，表示主动 / 正在进行 | 动名词 相当于名词用：做主语、宾语 |
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用动名词作宾语(不能使用 To do 不定式)
| avoid | enjoy | mind |
|---|---|---|
| I avoid |
He enjoys |
I don't mind |
| admit | stand | suggest |
| She admitted |
He can't stand |
She suggested |
| fancy | consider | imagine |
| I fancy |
She considered |
He imagined |
通常要接动名词的形容词(习惯用法)
| busy | worth | bored with |
|---|---|---|
| She is busy studying for her exams. (她忙于备考。) | It's worth visiting the museum while you're in town. (当你在城里时，值得去参观博物馆。) | I am bored with watching TV. (我对看电视感到厌倦。) |
| it is no/little use | insist on | prevent…from |
| It is no use crying over spilled milk. 覆水难收（谚语）；事已至此，后悔无用 | He insisted on paying for dinner. (他坚持要付晚餐的钱。) | The raincoat prevents you from getting wet in the rain. (雨衣可以防止你在雨中湿透。) |
| interested in | disappointing | surprising |
| She is interested in learning new languages. (她对学习新语言感兴趣。) | Not getting the job offer was disappointing. (没有得到工作邀约令人失望。) | It was surprising seeing her at the party. (在派对上见到她令人惊讶。) |
| I was looking forward to reading those books.Well, you can’t read them, so it’s no use thinking about them. | ||
动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语（即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语）
- Please excuse his not writing to you. 请原谅他不给你写信。
- Do you mind me / my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?
跟与户外活动相关的动名词 （climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等）
| come + 户外动名词 表示建议、邀请或叙事 | go + 户外动名词 表示建议、邀请或叙事 |
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| There’s no point in my coming climbing with you.我和你们去爬山毫无意义。 （there’s no point in =it is no use） | |
感知动词（hear，see，fell，watch 等）后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带 to 的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程 结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，可以互相替换使用。
| 现在分词（动词-ing形式） 强调动作正在进行，使叙述更加生动，让读者或听者更容易身临其境。 | 不定式（to + 动词原形） 表示动作发生了或过程已经结束，更加形式化，常用于陈述事实或观察。 |
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动名词复合结构 由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成
动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)
- His leaving is a great loss. 他的离去是一个很大的损失
- Mother dislikes my(me) working late. 妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟
- Mother dislikes my sleeping late.
- John's having seen her did not make her worried.约翰已经见到她的事实, 没有让她感到担心
动词 + 动名词
| 介词 + doing | interested |
|---|---|
| He is good at playing basketball. (他擅长打篮球。) | he is interested in learning Spanish. (她对学习西班牙语感兴趣。) |
| avoid | enjoy |
| I avoid eating junk food. (我避免吃垃圾食品。) | She enjoys swimming in the ocean. (她喜欢在海里游泳。) |
| finish | permit |
| They finished cleaning the house. (他们完成了清理房子的工作。) | They permit smoking in designated areas. (他们允许在指定区域吸烟。) |
| risk | suggest |
| She risks losing her job if she doesn't improve her performance. (如果她不改善表现，她就会冒着失去工作的风险。) | She suggested going to the beach for the weekend. (她建议周末去海滩。) |
| escape | deny |
| They escaped being caught by the police. (他们逃脱了被警察抓住。) | They denied stealing the money. (他们否认偷钱。) |
| fancy | imagine |
| He fancies going for a swim. (他想去游泳。) | I can't imagine living without internet. (我无法想象没有互联网的生活。) |
| risk | allow |
| He risked losing everything by investing in the stock market. (他冒着在股市投资失去一切的风险。) | The rules don't allow smoking indoors. (规定不允许在室内吸烟。) |
| appreciate | complete |
| He appreciates being invited to the party. (他感激被邀请参加聚会。) | he completed renovating the house last month. (她上个月完成了对房子的翻新。) |
| mind | practice |
| He doesn't mind waiting for you. (他不介意等你。) | He practices playing the piano every day. (他每天练习弹钢琴。) |
| delay | resent |
| They delayed making a decision until next week. (他们推迟了做出决定，直到下周。) | She resents being treated unfairly. (她对被不公平对待感到愤怒。) |
| insist on doing 坚持做某事 | persist in doing 坚持不懈地做某事 |
| She insisted on going to the party despite feeling unwell. (尽管感觉不适，她还是坚持去了聚会。) | Despite the setbacks, she persisted in pursuing her dream. (尽管遇到了挫折，她仍然坚持追逐她的梦想。) |
| give up doing 放弃做某事 | persevere in doing 坚持不懈地做某事 |
| After numerous attempts, she finally gave up trying to fix the broken machine. (经过多次尝试，她最终放弃了修理坏掉的机器。) | He persevered in his studies despite the challenges he faced. (尽管面临着挑战，他仍坚持不懈地学习。) |
| It is no use | prevent sb. from |
| It is no use crying over spilled milk. (哭泣因为洒了牛奶是没有用的。) | She prevented him from leaving. (她阻止了他离开。) |
动词 + to do (不定式) 加上逻辑主语后，可以接动词的ing形式作为宾语，也可以接不定式作为宾语。
| allow + doing sth.(动名词作宾语) | allow sb. to do sth.(不定式作宾语) |
|---|---|
| He allowed smoking in his house. (他允许在他的房子里吸烟。) | He allowed his guests to smoke in his house. (他允许他的客人在他的房子里吸烟。) |
| advise doing sth. | advise sb. to do sth. |
| She advised quitting the job. (她建议辞职。) | She advised her friend to quit the job. (她建议她的朋友辞职。) |
| permit doing sth. | permit sb. to do sth. |
| The school permits using cell phones during lunchtime. (学校允许在午餐时间使用手机。) | The manager permitted the employees to leave early. (经理允许员工提前离开。) |
| recommend doing sth. | recommend sb. to do sth. |
| The doctor recommended taking vitamins daily. (医生建议每天摄入维生素。) | he recommended her friend to take a break from work. (她建议她的朋友休息一下不工作。) |