精讲课 笔记随视频锁定
海地隧道

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.

A engineer arrived in England In 1858. 在1858年一位工程师来到了英国。

长简单句 因为介词短语(状语)变长

In 1858, a French engineer , Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England  with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
时间 主语 同位语 谓语 + 宾语 目的状语
1858年 一个法国工程师 埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙 到达了英国 带着计划 为了一个21英里的隧道 在英吉利海峡的下面

plan for + 名词/动名词 …的计划

  • Little by little, he formulated his plan for escape.他一点一点地构想出了他的逃跑计划。
  • Is this your plan for making your way in the world ?这就是你要出人头地的计划吗？
  • the plan for tomorrow / the weekend / a new novel / leaving Beijing ...

twenty-one-mile 加连字符，用单数，作定语

arrive in … 到达（大地方，城市/国家等）

arrive at … 到达（小地方，车站/学校等） He arrived at the station ten minutes early. 他提前十分钟到达车站。
come/get to … 到达…（不分大小地点） When did you get to the classroom? 你什么时候到教室的？
reach … 到达…（及物动词，直接加地点） They reached the top of the mountain at noon. 他们中午到达了山顶。

He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.

He said that it would be possible  to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
主语 引导词 形式主语 § + 系 + 表 真正主语
To build a platform 头重了 would be possible in the centre of the Channel.
To build a platform in the centre of the Channel 头更重了 would be possible .

This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.

serve as… = serve for… 起…作用，用作…，充当…

  • It will serve as a swimming pool.用作游泳池
  • This sofa can serve as/for (a) bed. 沙发当床用
  • The wooden box serves as a seat.
  • When I’m hot, the book serves as a fan; when I’m tired, the book serves as a pillow.

* The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. 真实条件句

  • If tall chimneys were built above sea level, 从句（假设过去）the tunnel would be well-ventilated.主句（过去将来时）
  • If tall chimneys is built above sea level, 从句（假设现在）the tunnel will be well-ventilated. 主句（一般将来时）
时态 If + 从句 主句
假设过去 过去的各种时态 过去将来时
假设现在 现在的各种时态 一般将来时
假设将来 一般现在时(替代将来)

In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.

put forward (plan/suggestion) 提出（计划、建议等）

  • You know they wouldn’t accept your plan/proposal.
  • Why did you put it forward?
put sth. forward 提出（建议、计划等） He put forward a new idea at the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一个新想法。
propose sth. 提出（建议、计划等） She proposed a better way to solve the problem. 她提出了一个更好的办法来解决这个问题。
put forward a plan/suggestion… 提出一项计划/一条建议…… My teacher put forward a suggestion about our trip. 我的老师针对我们的出行提出了一条建议。

* He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.

suggest vt. 暗示（该用什么时态，就用什么...与其他的动词词相同）

  • Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would take place on Sunday. 早期的报道暗示了一次会议将在周日举行。（过去将来时）
  • His tone suggested that he didn’t like the idea. 一般过去时
suggest vt. 建议
（考点：suggest 后面不能接 sb. to do）
  • I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)
  • He suggested a double railway-tunnel be built. 课文原句省略后
  • He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去
suggest doing … 建议做某事
  • He suggested building a double railway tunnel.
  • He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议出去散散步。

should 虚拟语气 表示“建议/命令/要求”的动词后 宾语从句要虚拟(条件/语气)

表示“建议”“要求”“命令”的动词后 that 引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用（should +) do 的虚拟语气形式。suggest, advise, demand, require, insist, order …
insist 作“坚持”讲时
  • He insisted that she should apologize for her behavior. 特殊结构：should + do
  • He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.
  • He insisted that he (should) go there himself. 他坚持要求自己亲自去那里。
  • He insisted that I (should) stay to dinner.
suggest vt. 建议
  • The teacher always suggests the students go over the text before the test.
  • He suggested that we (should) start early. 他建议我们早点出发。
propose vt.提议，建议 The engineers proposed that they (should) look at the design again. 主句为一般过去，从句为 should + 动词原型，而且should可省略
recommend vt.建议，劝告 The professor recommended we look for the information in the library. 省略should和that后的虚拟语气
demand vt.强烈要求；需要，需求
  • * The workers demanded they (should) be given the wages they should get. 宾语从句 + 虚拟(条件)语气 + 被动
  • They demanded that he (should) give an answer. 他们要求他给出答复。
advise vt.通知，告知；劝告，建议
  •  He advised that she should study harder. = He advised her to study harder.
  • I advise that she (should) take a break. 我建议她休息一下。
  • He advised that I (should) go with him.
order vt.命令，指示；订购
  •  He ordered that she should leave immediately. = He ordered her to leave immediately.
  • The officer ordered that the task (should) be finished at once. 长官命令立刻完成这项任务。
  • The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within an hour.
ask vt.询问，打听；要求  She asked that he should help her. = She asked him to help her.
request vt.请求，要求
  •  He requested that they should arrive early. = He requested them to arrive early.
  • The rule requires that everyone (should) be on time. 规定要求所有人准时到场。

This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.

认识条件句

  • If a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 真实条件句（有可能实现）
  • If a rocket were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 虚拟条件句（不大可能实现）
  • If a rocket had entered this tunnel, it would have drawn in fresh air behind it. 虚拟条件句（过去与事实相反）
  • If a train enters this tunnel, it will draw in fresh air behind it. 主将从现(第一类：真实条件句)
  • If a train were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 委婉假设或表达更低的可能性(第二类条件句)
  • If a train had entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it now. 过去条件与现在结果混合(对现在的影响)
  • If a train enters this tunnel, it draws in fresh air behind it. 零条件句(表示普遍事实或科学规律)
  • If a train entered this tunnel, it might draw in fresh air behind it. 特殊条件句(表推测)
  • If by any chance a train were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 强调假设（反事实假设的变化）

the problem of ventilation 通风的问题

the problem of finance 财政问题
traffic pollution 交通污染问题
ageism 年龄歧视问题
waste disposal 废物处理的问题
materialism 实利主义问题

If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.

虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为 would have done，would/could/should 都可以情态动词加 have done 表示对过去的推测，如 must have done，can't have done 等

if虚拟条件句“假设过去”

  • If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you yesterday.
  • If he had listened to his teacher’s advice, he could have passed the exam.
  • If he had been more careful, he would not have made the mistake.
  • If I hadn’t come to Beijing, I wouldn't have met you.
假设现在 假设过去
If 从句(一般过去) 主句 If 从句(过去完成) 主句
did could/would/should/might + do had done could/would/should/might + have done
  • If you helped me,I would be grateful. 从句一般过去+主句4选1
  • If it rained,it would not be hot.从句一般过去+主句4选1
  • If I were you, I’d accept their offer.（be只能用were）
  • If I were in your position, I would act differently.（be只能用were）
 Years ago if someone had turned round to me and said "in two years you' Il be England captain" ,
I would have turned round and said,"I don' t think so!"
真实：I didn' t tell her the result. She didn' t know it.
虚拟：If I had told her the result, she would have known it.
真实：He was not a student, so he couldn' t attend the lecture.
虚拟：If he had been a student, he could have attended the lecture.
真实：We were late, so we missed the appointment.
虚拟：If we had not been late, we would not have missed the appointment.

The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.

the world = people in the world 世人（谓语可单可复）the + 地点名词，可指代该地方的全体居民。

  • Be quiet or you’ll wake the house. 全家人
  • The whole country was/were shocked at the news. 全国人民
  • The world loves peace. 世人热爱和平。
  • The country supports the new policy. 全国人民支持这项新政策。
  • The city is preparing for the festival. 全市人民都在为节日做准备。
  • The town turned out to welcome the hero. 全镇居民出来迎接英雄。
  • The village lives mainly on farming. 全村人以务农为生。
  • The house was asleep by ten o’clock. 全家人十点就入睡了。
wait for sb. wait (for) some times
  • I have waited for you (for) five minutes.
  • I have waited five years for you.

I have waited five minutes. (for 可不要)