精讲课 笔记随视频锁定
海地隧道

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.

简单句因为介词短语(状语)变长

A engineer arrived in England In 1858. 在1858年一位工程师来到了英国。

In 1858, a French engineer , Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England  with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
时间 主语 同位语 谓语 + 宾语 目的状语
1858年 一个法国工程师 埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙 到达了英国 带着计划 为了一个21英里的隧道 在英吉利海峡的下面

plan for + 名词/动名词 …的计划

  • Little by little, he formulated his plan for escape.他一点一点地构想出了他的逃跑计划。
  • Is this your plan for making your way in the world ?这就是你要出人头地的计划吗？

twenty-one-mile 加连字符，用单数，作定语

He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.

He said that it would be possible  to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
主语 引导词 形式主语 § + 系 + 表 真正主语
To build a platform 头重了 would be possible in the centre of the Channel.
To build a platform in the centre of the Channel 头更重了 would be possible .

This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.

serve as… = serve for… 起…作用，用作…，充当…

  • It will serve as a swimming pool.用作游泳池
  • This sofa can serve as/for (a) bed. 沙发当床用

* The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. 真实条件句

  • If tall chimneys were built above sea level, 从句（假设过去）the tunnel would be well-ventilated.主句（过去将来时）
  • If tall chimneys is built above sea level, 从句（假设现在）the tunnel will be well-ventilated. 主句（一般将来时）
时态 If + 从句 主句
假设过去 过去的各种时态 过去将来时
假设现在 现在的各种时态 一般将来时
假设将来 一般现在时(替代将来)

In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.

put forward (plan/suggestion) 提出（计划、建议等）

  • You know they wouldn’t accept your plan/proposal.
  • Why did you put it forward?

* He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.

suggest vt. 暗示，用法与其他的词相同 suggest vt. 建议
Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would take place on Sunday.
 早期的报道暗示了一次会议将在周日举行。
  • I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)
  • He suggested a double railway-tunnel be built. 课文原句省略后
  • He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去

表示“建议/命令/要求”的动词后 宾语从句要虚拟(条件/语气)

insist 作“坚持”讲时
  • He insisted that she should apologize for her behavior. 特殊结构：should + do
  • He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.
suggest vt. 建议 The teacher always suggests the students go over the text before the test.
propose vt.提议，建议 The engineers proposed that they (should) look at the design again. 主句为一般过去，从句为 should + 动词原型，而且should可省略
recommend vt.建议，劝告 The professor recommended we look for the information in the library. 省略should和that后的虚拟语气
demand vt.强烈要求；需要，需求 * The workers demanded they (should) be given the wages they should get. 宾语从句 + 虚拟(条件)语气 + 被动
advise vt.通知，告知；劝告，建议  He advised that she should study harder./He advised her to study harder.
order vt.命令，指示；订购  He ordered that she should leave immediately./He ordered her to leave immediately.
ask vt.询问，打听；要求  She asked that he should help her./She asked him to help her.
request vt.请求，要求  He requested that they should arrive early./He requested them to arrive early.

This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.

认识条件句

  • If a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 真实条件句（有可能实现）
  • If a rocket were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 虚拟条件句（不大可能实现）
  • If a rocket had entered this tunnel, it would have drawn in fresh air behind it. 虚拟条件句（过去与事实相反）
  • If a train enters this tunnel, it will draw in fresh air behind it. 主将从现(第一类：真实条件句)
  • If a train were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 委婉假设或表达更低的可能性(第二类条件句)
  • If a train had entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it now. 过去条件与现在结果混合(对现在的影响)
  • If a train enters this tunnel, it draws in fresh air behind it. 零条件句(表示普遍事实或科学规律)
  • If a train entered this tunnel, it might draw in fresh air behind it. 特殊条件句(表推测)
  • If by any chance a train were to enter this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 强调假设（反事实假设的变化）

the problem of ventilation 通风的问题

the problem of finance 财政问题
traffic pollution 交通污染问题
ageism 年龄歧视问题
waste disposal 废物处理的问题
materialism 实利主义问题

If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.

虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为 would have done，would/could/should 都可以情态动词加 have done 表示对过去的推测，如 must have done，can't have done 等

if虚拟条件句“假设过去”

假设现在 假设过去
If 从句(一般过去) 主句 If 从句(过去完成) 主句
did could/would/should/might + do had done could/would/should/might + have done

If you helped me,I would be grateful. 从句一般过去+主句4选1

If it rained,it would not be hot.从句一般过去+主句4选1

If I were you, I’d accept their offer.（be只能用were）

If I were in your position, I would act differently.（be只能用were）

 Years ago if someone had turned round to me and said "in two years you' Il be England captain" ,
I would have turned round and said,"I don' t think so!"
真实：I didn' t tell her the result. She didn' t know it.
虚拟：If I had told her the result, she would have known it.
真实：He was not a student, so he couldn' t attend the lecture.
虚拟：If he had been a student, he could have attended the lecture.
真实：We were late, so we missed the appointment.
虚拟：If we had not been late, we would not have missed the appointment.

The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.

wait for sb. wait (for) some times
  • I have waited for you (for) five minutes.
  • I have waited five years for you.

I have waited five minutes. (for 可不要)