Lesson 38 Water and the traveller 【单词列表】

contaminate ^{v. to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease 污染}

• a river contaminated by chemicals
• We continually wages war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.
• They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.
• Children are becoming contaminated by the prevailing cynicism of the age.

sanitation n. [U] the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc. 卫生系统或设备

• disease resulting from poor sanitation ^{因卫生条件差而引发的疾病}
• Diseases spread rapidly in areas with inadequate sanitation and lack of clean water. ^{在卫生设施不足且缺乏清洁饮水的地区，疾病传播迅速。}
• The outbreak was largely attributed to poor sanitation in the temporary shelters. ^{这次疫情爆发很大程度上归因于临时避难所恶劣的卫生条件。}
• Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, …
• Many illnesses in these temporary refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation.

sanitary ^{adj. connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in, especially by removing human waste = hygienic 清洁卫生的}

• Overcrowding and poor sanitary conditions led to disease in the refugee camps.
• The hut had no cooking or sanitary facilities.

 “san” = whole^{（健全的）}

• sane ^{adj. 神智正常的；明智的}
• sanity ^{n. 神智正常；明智}
• insane ^{“in” = not adj. 精神失常的，疯狂的，愚蠢的}
• insanity ^{n. 精神失常，疯狂，愚蠢}
• sanitary ^{adj.  清洁卫生的}
• insanitary ^{adj. 不卫生的}
• sanitation ^{n. 卫生系统或设备}
• sanitarian ^{n. 公共健康专家}
• sanatorium ^{“ium” = 场所 n. 疗养院}

sewage ^{n. [U] the mixture of waste from the human body and used water that is carried away from houses by pipes under the ground（下水道里的）污水，污物}

• Proper sewage disposal is essential to prevent the contamination of local groundwater. ^{妥善的污水处置对于防止当地地下水受到污染至关重要。}
• The city is investing in a new sewage treatment plant to improve water quality. ^{该市正投资建设一座新的污水处理厂以改善水质。}

sewer ^{n. [C] a pipe or passage under the ground that carries away waste material and used water from houses, factories etc. 下水道}

• He must have been familiar with the enormous madrepore of the sewer. ^{他必须清楚这个巨大珊瑚形阴渠。}
• The most surprising rencounter was at the entrance to the Grand Sewer. ^{最令人吃惊的意外发现是在大阴渠的进口处。}
• The sewer in the kitchen clogs easily. ^{厨房的下水道很容易堵塞。}

drain ^{n. 1. (Br. E.) [C] 下水道，地沟；2. (Am.E.) [C]（卫生间或水池的）排水口}

• On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain.
• George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover.

drainage ^{n. [U] 排水}

• The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

intermittent ^{adj. stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly 断续的，间歇的}

• The forecast calls for intermittent showers throughout the afternoon. ^{预报显示下午整个时段会有阵雨（断断续续的雨）。}
• The speaker's jokes were met with intermittent bursts of applause from the audience. ^{演讲者的幽默激起了观众阵阵掌声。}
• Ships at sea rely on the intermittent flashes of light from the lighthouse for navigation. ^{海上的船只依靠灯塔发出的间歇闪光来导航。}

 “mit” / “miss” = send

• intermit ^{“inter” = between v. 暂停}
• intermittent ^{adj.  断续的；间歇的}
• intermission ^{n.  暂停；幕间休息}
• admit ^{“ad” = to v. 准许进入；承认}
• admission ^{n.  准许进入；承认}
• emit ^{“e” = out v. 发射，发出}
• emission ^{n. 发射，发出}
• omit  ^{“o” / “ob” = away v. 省略，删除；忽略，疏忽}
• omission ^{n. 省略，删除；忽略，疏忽}
• permit ^{“per” = through v. 允许}
• permission ^{n.  允许}
• submit ^{“sub” = under v. 提交，上交；服从，屈服}
• submission ^{n. 提交，上交；服从，屈服}
• submissive ^{adj.  服从的，顺从的}
• transmit ^{“trans” = across v. 传输，传染}
• transmission ^{n. 传输，传染}
• remit ^{“re” = back v. 赦免，宽恕；汇款}
• remission ^{n. 赦免，宽恕}
• remittance ^{n.  汇款}
• manumit ^{“manu” = hand v. 解放（奴隶）}
• manumission ^{n.（奴隶的）解放}

disinfectant ^{n. a chemical or a cleaning product that destroys bacteria 消毒剂，杀菌剂}

• We need a new bottle of disinfectant. ^{我们需要一瓶新的消毒剂。}
• He cleansed the cut with disinfectant. ^{他用消毒剂清洗伤口。}
• Saturate the bandage with disinfectant. ^{用消毒剂把绷带浸透。}
• Clean the infected area with disinfectant. ^{把受感染的部分用消毒剂消毒。}
• Best recipe for the disinfectant wash-spray. ^{最佳杀菌清洗喷雾配方如下。}

infect ^{v. to give someone a disease 传染}

• Once ingested by a caterpillar, the crystals dissolve, releasing the virus to infect the insect's cells. ^{一旦被毛虫摄入，晶体就会溶解，释放出病毒感染昆虫的细胞。}
• It is not possible to infect another person through kissing. ^{接吻不可能把这种病传染给他人。}
• He thought they might infect others with their bourgeois ideas. ^{他认为他们可能用中产阶级思想去影响别人。}

infection ^{n. 1. [U] 传染；2. [C] 传染病}

• 'I have a chest infection,' she wheezed. ^{“我胸部受到了感染。”她呼哧呼哧地说。}
• There is no vaccine against HIV infection. ^{现在还没有防艾滋病病毒传染的疫苗。}
• The infection did not respond to the drugs. ^{这些药物对感染没有起作用。}
• AIDS lowers the body's resistance to infection. ^{艾滋病降低了身体的抗感染能力。}

disinfect ^{v. 杀菌，消毒}

• You should disinfect the wound with an antiseptic to prevent infection. ^{你应该用防腐消毒剂给伤口消毒，以防感染。}
•  All surgical instruments must be disinfected and sterilized before the next operation. ^{所有手术器械在下次手术前必须经过消毒和灭菌处理。}
• The hospital ward is regularly disinfected to control the spread of bacteria. ^{医院病房定期进行消毒，以控制细菌的传播。}

infectious ^{adj.传染的，传染性的；有感染力的，有影响力的}

• Flu is an infectious disease caused by a virus. ^{流感是由病毒引起的传染病。}
• The skin rash is highly contagious, so avoid direct contact. ^{这种皮疹传染性极强，所以要避免直接接触。}
• Health officials must report any communicable diseases to the government. ^{卫生官员必须向政府报告任何可传播的疾病。}

catching ^{会传染的（常用于口语，只能作表语）}

• Is that cough catching? I don't want to get sick before my vacation. ^{你那咳嗽传染吗？我可不想在度假前生病。}
• Medical professionals are trained to handle infectious diseases safely. ^{医疗专业人员接受过安全处理传染病的培训。}
• Is what you've got catching? I don't want to wake up with a cold tomorrow. ^{你得的病传染吗？我可不想明天醒来也感冒。}
• a catching disease X ^{不能做定语}
• I hope his cold isn’t catching. ^{仅用于表语}

bactericidal ^{adj. destroying bacteria 杀菌的}

• Evidence suggests it harbors bactericidal efficacy against H. pylori. ^{有证据提示它对幽门螺杆菌有杀菌作用。}
• Objective: to study bactericidal efficacy of iodine - chitosan solution. ^{目的研究壳聚糖碘液的杀菌作用。}
• The organic substance had certain in fluence on its bactericidal efficacy. ^{有机物对其杀菌效果有一定影响。}
• Its bactericidal efficacy was influenced significantly by organic substance. ^{其杀菌效果受有机物影响较大。}

“cid” / “cis” = cut ^切掉

• concise ^{“con” = together adj. 言简意赅的}
• concision ^{n.  言简意赅}
• excise ^{“ex” = out v. 切除；删除}
• excision ^{n.切除；删除}
• incise ^{“in” = into v. 切开；雕刻}
• incision ^{n.  切开；切口}
• incisive ^{adj. 敏锐的，有洞见的}
• precise ^{“pre” = before adj. 精确的}
• precision ^{n.  精确}
• patricide ^{“patr” / “pater” = father n. 弑父}
• matricide ^{“matr” / “mater” = mather n. 弑母}
• suicide ^{“su” = self n. 自杀}
• suicidal ^{adj. 自杀的}
• pesticide ^{“pest” =  害虫 n. 杀虫剂，农药}
• herbicide ^{“herb” = grass n. 除草剂}