navigation [ˌnæviˈɡeiʃən] n. 航海
【扩】sailing 航海
sounding [ˈsaundiŋ] n. 水深度
porcupine [ˈpɔːkjupain] n. 箭猪
dredge [dredʒ] v. 挖掘
【搭】dredge sth. up 旧事重提
expedition [ˌekspiˈdiʃən] n. 远征
physicist [ˈfizisist] n. 物理学家
magnitude [ˈmæɡnitjuːd] n. 很多
topography [təˈpɔɡrəfi] n. 地形
crust [krʌst] n. 地壳
【派】crustal 外壳的
【扩】earth shell 地壳
【搭】earn ong's crust 谋生
rugged [ˈrʌɡid] adj. 崎岖不平的
tableland [ˈteibəl-lænd] n. 高地
【构】table（桌子）＋land（地）＝tableland（高地）
【扩】upland 高地，山地 highland 高地，山地
sediment [ˈsedimənt] n. 沉淀物
【扩】precipitate 沉淀物
* * *
A: Oh, there is some sediment in the bottom of the bottle.
B: Don't worry. It's pulp.
A：哦，瓶子底部有一些沉淀物。
B：别担心，那是果肉。
* * *
terrace [ˈterəs] n. 阶地
erode [iˈrəud] v. 侵蚀
noun [抽象名词]导航；航行，航海；航运，水上运输；浏览，访问；领航术，航海术；内河水道（尤指运河） - Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat to navigation.
navigation n. 航海；导航(不可数)
- The channel now is open to navigation.
- an electronic navigation system
| aviation n. 航空；飞行术；飞机制造业 | Here are some live links to other aviation-related web pages. 这是另外一些与航空有关网页的有效链接。 |
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navigate v. 导航、确定（船、飞机、汽车等）的位置和方向；航海
- navigate by the stars 星空导航：利用星星的位置和方向来确定船只或飞机的航向。
- You drive and I’ll navigate.
nav / nau = ship
- navy n.海军；深蓝色；舰队
- naval adj.海军的，军舰的
- navigation n. 航行；航海
- nausea n. 恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶
- nauseate vi. 作呕；厌恶；产生恶感 vt. 使厌恶；使恶心；使作呕
nautical adj. 航海的，海上的；船员的
- nautical chart un. 航海图
- nautical mile adj. 海里 n. 海里（合 1852 米）
aeronautics n. 航空学；飞行术
- astronautics n. 航天学；宇宙航行
- Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 北京航空航天大学
noun [抽象名词]水深测量；测得的水深；意见调查，调查结果（常复数）；（铃或号的）发声 - There were 15 minutes between the first air raid alert and the sounding of the all-clear signal.
adjective [原级]发出声响的；虚夸空洞的，冠冕堂皇的；回响的，回荡的 - He needed a sounding board rather than thinking alone.
noun [抽象名词]英寻（测量水深单位，合6英尺或1.8米） - A fathom is a measurement of 6 feet or 1.8 metres, used when referring to the depth of water.
verb [vt. 及物动词]深刻理解，彻底弄清（难题或神秘的人）；测量（水）的深度 - I really couldn't fathom what Steiner was talking about.
noun [专属名词][脊椎]箭猪，豪猪 - My best friends are the woodchuck, the porcupine and the raccoon.
noun [专属名词]（Porcupine）人名；（英）波库派恩 - In Maine, the most commonly counted roadkill species is the North American porcupine.
verb [vt. 及物动词]vt. （用挖泥船等）疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等） - They dredge the bay for gravel.
verb [vi. 不及物动词]vi. 疏浚，挖掘；采捞 - Police have spent weeks dredging the lake but have not found his body.
noun [专属名词]挖泥船，疏浚机；拖捞网 - It is called dredge.
noun [专属名词]远征，考察；探险队，考察队；动作敏捷，迅速 - It won't be labelled in any way as a military expedition.
expedition n. 远征，考察，探险
- They went on an expedition to the South Pole.
| trip （没有场合限制） |
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|---|---|
| journey （强调中长途旅行） | on a journey |
| travel （强调海外旅行） | We met some very interesting people on our travels in Thailand. |
| tour （强调周游） | President is on a five-nation tour. |
| outing （强调短途旅行） | go on an outing |
| excursion 远足 | We’re going on a day excursion to the Badaling Great Wall . |
| cruise / voyage 航行 | on a cruise / voyage |
| pilgrimage 朝圣之行 | He makes / goes on a pilgrimage to Mecca every year. |
noun [专属名词]物理学家 - He's known to be an outstanding physicist.
noun [专属名词]巨大，重要性；震级；规模，大小；数量，数值；（恒星的）亮度，星等 - An operation of this magnitude is going to be difficult.
magnitude n. great size or importance of something 巨大，重大，重要性
- We didn't realize the magnitude of the problem.
- a harvest of magnitude
- This is a world crisis of considerable magnitude.
【词根】 “magn” = great
- magnify v.放大
- magnate n.巨头\巨子
- a financial / literary magnate 一位金融/文学界的巨头
- magnanimous adj. 宽宏大量的；有雅量的；宽大的
- magnanimity n. 宽宏大量；慷慨
- magnificent adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的
- magniloquent adj. 夸张的；说大话的
并在此非常感激那些“举报错误”的同学，这份笔记应属于所有的学习者，加油学习、共勉之 ~
noun [专属名词]地形学，地形测量学 ；地形，地貌；地图地形描绘；（剖，生）局部解剖（图） - The topography of the river's basin has changed significantly since the floods.
【词根】“graph” = write
- photograph n. 照片，相片
- telegraph n. [通信] 电报机，电报
- autograph n. 亲笔，手稿；亲笔签名
- geography n. 地理；地形
- topography n. 地势；地形学；地志
- biography n. 传记；档案；个人简介
- autobiography n. 自传；自传文学
- demography n. 人口统计学
- bibliography n. 参考书目；文献目录
- calligraphy n. 书法；笔迹
noun [专属名词]面包皮；（馅饼或比萨饼等的）酥皮；硬外皮，硬外壳；地壳；<非正式>生活，生计 - Cut the crusts off the bread and soak the bread in the milk.
verb [vt. 及物动词]形成（或结成）硬皮（或硬壳） - Bake until the crust is golden.
crust n. 地壳
the earth, read, pie, pizza, cake crust(冷却形成的壳)
| shell (天然壳) | egg, nut, tortoise … shell |
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adjective [原级]（地面，地形）高低不平的，崎岖的；（男人的外貌）粗犷而英俊的；强健而坚毅的；（机器或其他制造品）坚固耐用的；艰难的，严峻的 - The enemy would always have the advantage of familiarity with the rugged terrain.
noun [专属名词]高原；台地 - Night slowly reached the tableland.
tableland n. a flat, elevated region 高地
- The coldest area is in the plateau area of Tasmania and southeast corner of the tableland and mainland.最冷的地区在塔斯马尼亚的高原地带及台地和大陆的东南角。
- Qingyang Town, the territory is mountainous, the western region only has a little flat tableland. 青羊镇境内全是山区，仅西部有少许平缓台地。
| plateau n. 高原 | the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
|---|---|
| plain n. 平原 | the North China Plain |
| basin n. 盆地 | the Tarim Basin |
| savannah n. 大草原，热带草原（等于savanna） | The group rested on the hot savannah under the shade of the tree. 这群人就在热带草原的树荫下休息。 |
| prairie n. 北美草原；新大陆北部草原（美国北部和加拿大） | Our own cabins are like little houses on the prairie but with nicer baths. 我们自己的小木屋就像草原上的小房子，但有更好的浴室。 |
| grassland n. 草原；牧草地 | the Inner Mongolian Grassland |
| terrace n. 梯田；阶地 | ...massive terraces of corn and millet carved into the mountainside like giant steps. …山坡上开垦出来种玉米和小米的巨型台阶般的大块大块梯田。 |
noun [物质名词]沉淀物，沉渣；（最终形成岩石层的沙、石等）沉积物 - Many organisms that die in the sea are soon buried by sediment.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（液体）沉淀；沉积 - They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.
sediment n. 沉淀物(不可数)
- a thick layer of sediment
【词根】“sed” = sit
- sedate adj. 久宁静的；不热闹的
- a sedate village
- sedative n. [药] 镇静剂；能使安静的东西；止痛药
- sedentary adj. 久坐的；坐惯的；定栖的；静坐的
- a sedentary occupation
- sedulous adj. 聚精会神的；勤勉的；勤苦工作的
- a sedulous researcher
noun [专属名词]（风格相同、互相连接的）排屋；（尤指房屋或餐馆外的）露天平台，阳台；<英>（足球场的）阶梯看台；梯田，阶地；<英>排屋中的一栋房屋；（地质）沿岸阶地，阶面 - Some guests recline in deck chairs on the sea-facing terrace.
verb [vt. 及物动词]使成阶地（或梯田） - ...massive terraces of corn and millet carved into the mountainside like giant steps. …
verb [vt. 及物动词]侵蚀，腐蚀；削弱，降低 - Then over many more years, the Phosphorus-rich rocks of the new land begin to erode and the cycle continues.
erode v. 侵蚀，腐蚀
- Wind and rain have eroded the statue.
- Rising domestic prices will erode China’s competitiveness.
| eat / wear away | The stones are being eaten / worn away by the river. |
|---|---|
| corrode （强调化学过程） | Acid corrodes metal. |