preserve [priˈzəːv] v. 保存
【派】preservation 保存
* * *
A: I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.
B: You can say it again.
A：我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下来。
B：你说的正好跟我想的一样。
* * *
silt [silt] n. 淤泥
scavenger [ˈskævindʒə] n. 食腐动物
vole [vəul] n. 野鼠，鼹鼠
decompose [ˌdiːkəmˈpəuz] v. 腐烂
inaccessible [ˌinækˈsesəbəl] adj. 不能达到的
【派】inaccessibly 难达成
【扩】reachless 不能达到的
* * *
A: Heavy snow made the village inaccessible to traffic.
B: Then we have to walk there.
A：大雪使车辆无法进入这个小山村。
B：那我们只好走着去了。
* * *
crevasse [krəˈvæs] n. 缝隙
Siberian [saiˈbiəriən] adj. 西伯利亚的
paleontological [ˌpæliɔntəˈlɔdʒikl] adj. 古生物学的
St. Petersburg [seint-ˈpiːtəzbəːɡ] n. 圣彼得堡
saber-toothed [ˈseibətuːθd] adj. 长着锐利的长犬牙的
venture [ˈventʃə] v. 冒险
bog [bɔɡ] v. 使陷入困境
【派】bogged 陷入困境的
【搭】bog down 使停顿
* * *
A: The car got bogged down in the mud.
B: Let's push it out.
A：车子陷入泥中了。
B：我们来把它推出来。
noun [抽象名词]保护，维护；保留，维持；（食物的）保存，保藏；保存的状况，保养的程度 - The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.
preservation n. [U] when sth. is kept in its original state or in good condition 保护，保存
- building / environmental / food preservation
| preservation of … …的保护 | the preservation of our cultural heritage |
|---|
conservation n.[U] the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests etc. 保护（动植物，自然环境等）
- wildlife conservation
- conservation of the countryside
conservation n. [U] when you prevent sth. from being lost or wasted 保存
- energy conservation
reservation n. [C] an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, etc. to be kept for you 预定
- I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
reservation n. [C, U] a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea 保留意见
- I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job.
noun [专属名词]食腐动物；清道夫；[助剂] 清除剂；拾荒者 - On scavenger hunts I would always ask Mrs. Martin for empty coffee cans.
四级及以上考试中会出现的动物种类
| vertebrate 脊椎动物 | Humans, dogs, and birds are all classified as vertebrates. 人类、狗和鸟类都被归类为脊椎动物。 |
|---|---|
| invertebrate 无脊椎动物 | An octopus is a highly intelligent invertebrate. 章鱼是一种非常聪明的无脊椎动物。 |
| mammal 哺乳动物 | The blue whale is the largest mammal on Earth. 蓝鲸是地球上最大的哺乳动物。 |
| primate 灵长类动物 | Monkeys and apes belong to the group of animals called primates. 猴子和猿类属于被称为灵长类的动物群体。 |
| rodent 啮齿类动物 | Rats and squirrels are common types of rodents. 老鼠和松鼠是常见的啮齿类动物。 |
| scavenger 食腐动物 | Vultures are scavengers that feed on dead animals. 秃鹫是吃动物尸体的食腐动物。 |
| marsupial 有袋类动物 | The kangaroo is the most famous marsupial in Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚最著名的有袋类动物。 |
| crustacean 甲壳类动物 | Crabs and lobsters are examples of crustaceans. 螃蟹和龙虾是甲壳类动物的例子。 |
| biped 两足动物 | Humans are bipeds, meaning we walk on two legs. 人类是两足动物，这意味着我们用两条腿走路。 |
| quadruped 四足动物 | A horse is a fast-running quadruped. 马是一种跑得很快的四足动物。 |
| prey 被捕食者，猎物 | The deer fell prey to the hungry lion. 这只鹿成为了饥饿狮子的猎物。 |
| predator 捕食者 | Lions are top predators in the African savanna. 狮子是非洲大草原上的顶级捕食者。 |
noun [专属名词]田鼠；（纸牌游戏的）全胜 - The prairie vole is one such animal.
noun [专属名词]（Vole）（美、挪）沃莱（人名） - His cousin, the montane vole, is kind of a hit-and-run guy.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）腐烂，腐败；（使）分解；（数）分解 - As the waste materials decompose, they produce methane gas.
decompose v.to decay or make sth. decay 腐烂
- Fallen leaves gradually decompose.
- The fertilizer releases nutrients gradually as bacteria decompose it.
| rot 腐烂；腐朽 |
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|---|---|
| decay 腐烂；衰变；变坏 |
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“-pos”= 放置
| impose 强加；征税 | The government decided to impose a new tax on luxury goods. 政府决定对奢侈品征收新税。 |
|---|---|
| expose 揭露；使曝光 | The investigation helped to expose the corruption within the organization. 这项调查有助于揭露该组织内部的腐败。 |
| propose 建议；计划；求婚 | I propose that we take a short break before continuing the meeting. 我建议我们在继续会议之前稍作休息。 |
| oppose 反对；对抗 | Many local residents oppose the construction of the new highway. 许多当地居民反对修建这条新高速公路。 |
| dispose 处理；安排 | Please dispose of your waste in the bins provided. 请将垃圾丢弃在提供的垃圾箱内。 |
| interpose 干预；插入 | The mediator had to interpose himself between the two arguing parties. 调解人不得不介入争执双方之间进行调停。 |
| depose 免职；废黜 | The president was deposed in a military coup. 总统在一次军事政变中被罢免。 |
| compose 组成；作曲 | Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧组成的。 |
| decompose 分解；腐烂 | Bacteria help to decompose organic matter in the soil. 细菌有助于分解土壤中的有机物。 |
| transpose 调换；颠倒顺序 | It is easy to transpose two digits when typing quickly. 打字快时很容易把两个数字的顺序弄颠倒。 |
| juxtapose 将……并列 | The exhibition juxtaposes modern paintings with classical sculptures. 展览将现代绘画与古典雕塑并列展出。 |
adjective [原级]难到达的，不可及的；难懂的，难以理解的；难得到的，不可使用的；（人）不接受别人示好的，不可接近的 - The temple is now inaccessible to the public.
adjective [原级]难到达的，不可及的；难懂的，难以理解的；难得到的，不可使用的；（人）不接受别人示好的，不可接近的 - The temple is now inaccessible to the public.
inaccessible adj. difficult or impossible to reach 难以到达的，无法到达的
- The country consists mainly of dense jungles and inaccessible mountain ranges.
- The bathroom is situated at the top of a flight of stairs, making it inaccessible to the disabled.
- In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.
accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的；可见到的
- The village is isolated and accessible only by helicopter.
- All parts of the museum are accessible to wheelchairs.
| access | （接近或进入某地的）方法，通道 (access to …) | The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. |
|---|---|---|
| （使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利 (have access to … 有机会或权利…) |
|
noun [专属名词]裂缝；破口，崩溃处 - A crevasse yawned at their feet.
adjective [原级]古生物学的 - The mammoth has now been restored in the Palaeontological Museum in St. Petersburg.
palaeontology "paleo"=(ancient)+ "onto"=(being)+ "logy" = (= study)
- paleobotany n. 古植物学
- paleoanthropology n. 古人类学
"paleo"=(ancient)+ "lith"=( stone) + "lith" +"ic"=(形容词后缀)
- paleolithic / Paleolithic adj. 旧石器时代的
- the Paleolithic Age
- a Paleolithic axe
"neo"=(new)+ "lith"=( stone) + "lith" +"ic"=(形容词后缀)
- neolithic / Neolithic adj. 新石器时代的
- the Neolithic Age
- Neolithic tools
noun [专属名词]圣彼得堡（沙皇时代俄国首都） - So thought every harassed , hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg.
adjective [原级]长着锐利的长犬牙的 - The sabre-toothed monsters are unimpressed.
noun [专属名词]风险项目，冒险事业；冒险旅行，冒险行动 - Grace was flushed with the success of the venture.
verb [vt. 及物动词]敢于去（未知或危险等地方）；冒险；小心地说，谨慎地做；敢说，大胆表示 - People are afraid to venture out for fear of sniper attacks.
noun [专属名词]【名】 （Venture) （法）旺蒂尔（人名） - I was still uncommitted to the venture when we reached Kanpur.
venture v. to go somewhere that could be dangerous 冒险去某地
- When darkness fell, he would venture out.
- She paused before venturing up the steps to the door.
vent / ven = come 字根
| ("ad"=to) | advent （重要人物、事件等的）来临，到来 | Life has changed greatly since the advent of the Internet. 自互联网出现以来，生活发生了巨大的变化。 |
|---|---|---|
| adventure 冒险，奇遇 | They went on an adventure through the Amazon rainforest. 他们去亚马逊雨林进行了一次冒险。 | |
| in 进入 | invent 发明 | Who invented the first telephone? 谁发明了第一部电话？ |
| inventor 发明家 | Thomas Edison was a prolific inventor. 托马斯·爱迪生是一位多产的发明家。 | |
| invention 发明 | The invention of the wheel changed human history. 轮子的发明改变了人类历史。 | |
| ("pre"= before) | prevent 预防；阻止 | The new law is intended to prevent crime. 新法律旨在预防犯罪。 |
| prevention 预防 | Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。 | |
| ("inter" = between) | intervene 干涉，干预 | The police had to intervene before the fight got worse. 警察不得不赶在打斗恶化前介入。 |
| intervention 干涉，干预 | Government intervention was necessary to stabilize the economy. 政府干预对于稳定经济是必要的。 | |
| ("con"=together) | convene 召集，集会 | The committee will convene next week to discuss the issue. 委员会将于下周集会讨论这个问题。 |
| convention 大会；习俗；协议 | It is a convention to shake hands when you meet someone. 见面时握手是一种惯例。 | |
| ("contra" = against) | contravene 违犯（法律等） | The company's actions contravene safety regulations. 该公司的行为违反了安全规定。 |
| contravention 违犯（法律等） | He was fined for acting in contravention of the law. 他因违法行为而被罚款。 | |
| ("re"= back) | revenue 收入，税收 | The company's annual revenue has increased by 10%. 公司的年收入增长了10%。 |
adjective [原级]陷于泥沼的 - The tank became bogged down in mud.
verb [vt. 及物动词]使……陷于泥淖；陷于泥淖（bog 的过去式和过去分词） - We mustn't get bogged down in details.
noun [物质名词]淤泥，泥沙；粉砂尘，泥沙层；（技）粉砂 - The lake was almost solid with silt and vegetation.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）淤塞 - Silt and windblown soil buried the site even deeper.
adjective [原级]西伯利亚（人）的；来自西伯利亚的 - This valley is one of the last strongholds of the Siberian tiger.
