什么是宾语从句 §
用一个句子做为宾语来使用。 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句(陈述句)
- I believe this house is for sale.
- She said he would not let her make another film.
宾语从句的时态 §
- A. 主句一般现在，从句任意时态
- B. 主句一般过去，从句相应过去
宾语从句的种类（3类）
1、That + 引导词(口语、不做成分时省略) + 肯定句
| 主语 | 谓语/系动词 | 引导词 | 从句 |
| He | says | that he | is ... |
| thinks | feels ... | ||
| believes | has (got) ... | ||
| knows | needs ... | ||
| understands | wants ... | ||
| is afraid | can ... | ||
| is sorry | must ... | ||
| is sure | will ... |
2、if + 一般疑问句(陈述语序)
| 主语 | 谓语/系动词 | 引导词 | 从句 | 一般疑问句(简单句) |
| I | want to know | If/whether | he is a doctor. | Is he a doctor? 他是医生吗？ |
| they were in Beijing. | Were they in Beijing? 他们以前在北京吗？ | |||
| he will go there. | Will he go there? 他打算去吗？ | |||
| you have watched the movie. | Have you watched the movie?你看过这部电影吗？ | |||
| you like red. | Do you like red? 你喜欢红色吗？ | |||
| he went to SH. | Did he go to SH yesterday? 他昨天去上海了吗？ |
3、what/who... + 特殊疑问句(陈述语序)
| 特殊疑问句(简单句) | 宾语从句(引导词做成分不可省略) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Who is he? 他是谁？ | I | want to know | who he is. |
| Where were you yesterday?你昨天在哪？ | where you were yesterday. | ||
| When will he come back?他什么时候回来？ | when he will come back. | ||
| What books have you read?你读过什么书？ | what books you have read. | ||
| Which car does he like?他喜欢哪辆车？ | which car he likes. | ||
| What present do you like?你喜欢什么礼物？ | what present you like. | ||
如何识别宾语从句
- 宾语从句通常出现在主句中作为动词的宾语I don't know who she is.
- 宾语从句在语法上可以替代一个名词或名词短语作为整个句子的宾语 He said he would come tomorrow.
- 宾语从句通常由连词引导 She asked me if I had finished the work.
- 宾语从句的语序与陈述句的语序一样 I wonder where he went.
- 宾语从句有时可以根据语义和逻辑思考来判断 She believes that honesty is the best policy.
| 主 + 谓 | 引导词 | 从句 |
| 及物动词 + | that(不做成分可省略) | 句子(陈述句) |
| if | ||
| what | ||
| when | ||
| where | ||
| which | ||
| who | ||
| ... 其它特殊疑问词 |
有时引导词是可以省略的(that)，我们在识别的时候主要还是看：及物动词 + 句子，像这样的是： 主 + 谓 + 宾，但我们在前期课程中也学到过一个：主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾，这样的主谓双宾结果就是：及物动词 + sb. +句子，也是宾语从句的一种。
| 主 + 谓 | 宾语 | 引导词 | 从句 |
| 及物动词 + | sb. + | that | 句子(陈述句语序) |
| if | |||
| what | |||
| when | |||
| where | |||
| which | |||
| who | |||
| ... 其它特殊疑问词 | |||
| Tell | me |
what | you did yesterday. |
| He asked | when | I would get married. |
宾语从句否定前移(表达观点：think, believe, feel...)
谓语动词是表示“看法、感觉、推测”的动词（如 feel, think, believe, suppose, imagine ...）时，如果想要否定后面的从句，习惯上会将否定词 not 搬到主句中。
| I don't think(在主句里去否定think) you are right. ✓ | |
| 我认为你是不对的。 | 我不认为你是对的。 |
I don't feel (that) + 肯定从句
- I don't feel that he is the right person for the job. ⇒
I feel that he is not the right person...(虽然语法通，但不地道) - I don't feel as if I belong here. 我感觉我不属于这里（我在这里格格不入）
- I don't feel I can trust him. 我觉得我不能相信他。
- I don't feel I've accomplished very much today. 我觉得我今天一事无成~
- I don't feel I'm such a dope. 我觉得我不是一个孤儿。
| I don't think it's fine today. | 我觉得今天天气不好 = 我不觉得今天天气好。 |
| I don't think he is awesome/cool. | 我觉得他不帅 = 我不觉得他帅 |
特例：我知道你是不对的。≠ 我不知道你是对的。
| I know you are not right. | 我知道你是不对的。 (强调不对) |
| I don't know you are right. | 我不知道你是对的。(强调不知道) |