Bats ^{课文介绍 Introduction}

• Bats are interesting animals. They are famous for their echo-location ability. ^{蝙蝠是有趣的动物，以回声定位能力著称。}
• Echo-location in bats is often compared with radar. ^{蝙蝠的回声定位常被拿来与雷达作比较。}

Text style features ^{(课文文体特点)}
1. 倾向于将动词名词化（使文章更加正式）。^{Tendency to nominalize verbs (formal style)}
2. 倾向于使用被动语态（显得客观）。^{Tendency to use passive voice (objective tone)}

Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

not ... all / every / both ^{连用多表示部分否定}

• All that glitters is not gold. ^{闪光的都不是金子(部分否定)}
• None of the arrows hit the target. ^{所有的箭都没有命中(All of the arrows 有歧义：并非所有的箭都没有命中)。}
• All civilized people can't be cannibals. ^{所有文明人都不吃人肉（全部否定）}
• Not all the water in rough rude sea can wash the balm off from an anointed king. ^{所有汹涌澎湃的沧海之水都洗不掉神圣国王头顶的芬芳（全部否定）}
• Every machine here is not produced in our plant. ^{并非这里的每台机器都是我们厂生产的。}
• Both of the substances do not dissolve in water. ^{这两种物质并非都能溶于水。}
• Not every sound made by animals serves as language. ^{无歧义替换}

serve as ^{当作…来使用}

• She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of past.
• Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. ^{外部董事应当成为公司董事会得力又客观的顾问。}
• Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins. ^{只有一小部分岛屿可以作为帝企鹅的繁殖地。}

have only to do ... to do ... ^{只须…就可以…}

• You have only to press the button to call the nurse. ^{你只要按下按钮就能叫护士。}
• You have only to click the link to download the software. ^{你只需点击链接就能下载软件。}

We have only to turn to the example of the 1936 Olympics to know that sports can cause hatred. ^{我们只需借助1936年奥运会的例子就知道体育会导致仇恨。}
We have only to turn to the concrete example of the 1936 Olympic Games to know that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred.

strictly ^{adv. exactly and completely完全地，确切地}

• She is strictly a beauty. ^{她完全算得上是个美人。}
• It’s strictly a neutral organization. ^{这是一个完全中立的组织。}
• He spoke strictly according to the facts. ^{他完全根据事实发言。}

play a ...role / part in sth. ... ^{（派生含义）发挥某个作用;在…中起…作用}

• The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives.
• The government should play a more prominent role in promoting human rights. ^{政府应在促进人权方面发挥更突出作用。}
• Chance discoveries play a large part in chemical industries. ^{偶然发现对化学工业起着重要作用。}
• This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. 
• The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
• John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.