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doing 动名词

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

动词+ing 作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语、也可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。
动名词作主语
  • Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好.
  • Fishing is my favourite sport. 动名词做主语
  • Playing basketball is my favourite sport. (主语不光是一个单词，可以一个词组或者一句话)
  • Playing basketball with my friends every Sunday is my favourite sport. (加上介词短语进行更多的修饰)
动名词作宾语(介词后)
介词不能直接接动词的原型，但可以接动名词。
  • I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车.
  • He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情.
介词/副词 + 动名词
利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子
  • I must apologize for interrupting you. apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉
  • I must apologize for having interrupted you.（having interrupted 这个动词先发生）
congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因…祝贺（某人） thank you for sth. 因…感谢（某人）
  • He congratulated me. I won the competition. 未知先后顺序
  • He congratulated me on winning the competition. 他祝贺我赢得了比赛。
  • He congratulated me on having won the competition.having won先发生
  • thank you for listening/attending
  • I must thank you for being so kind to me.真要感谢您对我这么好。 
  • Thank you very much for dinner.非常感谢你的晚餐。
动名词用表示完成时的 having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面，可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without(I can’t watch TV without falling asleep.)，instead of 等。动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加 not。

跟动名词的短语

  • be keen on doing sth.（热忠于…）
  • be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事）
  • congratulations on doing sth. （祝贺…）
  • be afraid of be up to=be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)

动词什么时候 + ing

正在进行时 正在做的事
  • I am teaching now.
  • She is talking to you.
确定的将来（计划）
  •  Ang is buying a bungalow next year.
  • Ali is preparing his dinner later.
非谓语动词 一句话里已有谓语时
  • I couldn't hear her singing because of the noise.
  • We saw him swimming across the pond.
句子开始做主语

当动词做为一件事的时候
  • Reading is his favourite pastime.
  • Swimming in the ocean has been Sharon's passion since she was five years old.
在“感觉”后面

感观动词有半系动词的功能
  • I love eating noodles.
  • She enjoys reading.
在“介词”之后

介词后要接名词、代词和动名词
  • She opened the door by using a key.
  • I'm scared of swimming in the sea.
before、after 之后

这时的before与after为介词
  • After thanking them, I left.
  • Before going to France, you should read the guide book.