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have 的用法

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

have 作为实义动词

have = have got 拥有/具有 体验/经历 动作/行为
  • I have a car.（我有一辆车。）
  • She has three cats.（她养了三只猫。）
  • They had a great time at the party.（他们在派对上过得很愉快。）
  • She had a terrible headache.（她头疼得厉害。）
  • We often have lunch together.（我们经常一起吃午饭。）
  • He had a sip of water.（他喝了一小口水。）
have 完全做为动词时（实义动词时），还可以表示 eat，drink，enjoy，take 等意思(have dinner，have a cigarette，have coffee，have a holiday，have a good time，have a swim，have a rest)，这时它是“行为类动词”可以用于包括进行时的各种时态。当 have 用于表示这些含义时，它必须与助动词 do 、 does 等连用以构成疑问句或否定句。

have 作为助动词

have/has/had + done 各种完成时 have/has/had been + doing 各种完成进行时
  • I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。）
  • They have gone to the store.（他们已经去商店了。）
  • She has been studying all day.（她一整天都在学习。）
  • They have been waiting for hours.（他们已经等了几个小时了。）
标准否定句 英国英语中特例
I don’t have a pen/a headache. I haven’t a pen /a headache.
have = have got 有 have = have got 得病 have to == have got to  不得不，必须
  • I have a pen.
  • I have got a pen
  • I have a headache.
  • I have got a headache. 
  • We have got to be at the airport by 6 AM. （我们必须在早上6点前到达机场。）
  • You have got to study hard to pass the exam. （你必须努力学习才能通过考试。）
  • They have to wear uniforms at school. （他们在学校必须穿制服。）
have/has had 现在完成时 had had 过去完成时
  • I have had breakfast already.（我已经吃过早饭了。）
  • She has had a long day.（她度过了漫长的一天。）
  • I realized that I had had the wrong key all along.（我意识到我一直拿错了钥匙。）
  • By the time I arrived, they had already had their dinner.（我到达的时候，他们已经吃过晚饭了。）