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| 直接引语 直接引用别人的原话,使用引号完整复述 | 间接引语 把引号打开转述别人说的话,一般为“宾语从句” |
|---|---|
| He says,'I am a fool!' 他说:“我是笨蛋。” | He says (that) he is a fool. 他说他是个笨蛋。 |
变化步骤
- 去掉引号
- 使用连接词并列为宾语从句
- 变换人称保持句子要表达的原有意思
| 直接引语 一般过去时 | 间接引语 变为相应的过去 |
|---|---|
| He said, 'I am a fool!' 他说过:“我是一个笨蛋” | He said that he was a fool! 他说过他曾是一个笨蛋 |
| He said, 'I will go to Italy.' 一般将来时 | He said that he would go to Italy. 过去将来时 |
| He said, 'I went to Italy.' 一般过去时 | He said that he had gone to Italy. 过去完成时 |
把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时,应该使用间接引语。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词是 say 和 tell,tell 后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语(tell sb.),而 say 后面则可跟或不跟 to + 讲话对象。
1、主从一致 (主句和从句的时态一致)
- ① 主句的动词为一般现在时,从句为任意时态。
- ② 主句的动词为一般过去时,从句为相对应的过去时态(时态倒移)。
| 主句 | 直接引语(即:原话,需引号包裹) | 间接引语(从句里的时态变化) |
|---|---|---|
| She says | "I like apples." 一般现在时 | She says (that) she likes apples.一般现在时(主句现在时,时态不变) |
| I am thinking | "I am reading." 现在进行时 | I am thinking (that) I am reading.现在进行时(主句现在时,时态不变) |
| He tells me | "I will go." 一般将来时 | He tells me (that) he will go.一般将来时(主句现在时,时态不变) |
| They say | "we will have finished." 将来完成时 | They say (that) they will have finished.将来完成时(主句现在时,时态不变) |
| We know | "he has left." 现在完成时 | We know (that) he has left.现在完成时 She mentions (that) he saw her.一般过去时 He tells everyone (that) he had eaten.过去完成时(本身无变化) |
| She mentions | "he saw her." 一般过去时 | |
| He tells everyone | "he had eaten." 过去完成时 |