解决方案(Problem-Solution Pattern 不断提出问题，不断给出解决方式)_夸克英语笔记

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解决方案(Problem-Solution Pattern 不断提出问题，不断给出解决方式)

右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds.

shape ^使成形

He shaped the clay into a vase.
Like it or not, our experiences shape our personalities.
He shaped the clay into a bowl. ^{他把黏土捏成一个碗。}
Experiences can shape a person's character. ^{经历可以塑造一个人的性格。}
The sculptor carefully shaped the marble. ^{雕塑家仔细地塑造着大理石。}

名词动用	He thundered at the door. The street was veiled in darkness. A gust of wind whipped the dust along the road. Honey, I forgot to duck. ^（里根） It rained cats and dogs. ^{下了倾盆大雨。（cats and dogs名词作副词）} The wind whipped through the trees. ^{风呼啸着穿过树林。（whipped名词作动词）} The city lights up at night. ^{夜晚城市灯火通明。（lights名词作动词）}

… this is easier to shape… 形容词 + to do ^{形容词后加动词不定式作补语，用主动表被动的含义}

He is easy to fool.
She is extremely difficult to please.
The machine is awkward to handle.
The man is hard to work with.
This book is easy to read. ^{这本书很容易读。}
The problem is difficult to solve. ^{这个问题很难解决。}
That song is lovely to listen to. ^{那首歌听起来很动听。}

They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away.

情态动词 + have done ^{对过去肯定/否定的推测}

He must have left already. ^{他肯定已经离开了。}
She might have forgotten about the meeting. ^{她可能忘记了会议。}
They couldn't have known the answer. ^{他们不可能知道答案。}

may / might have done ^{可能已经做了某事}	She may have forgotten our meeting. ^{她可能忘记了我们的会议。}
must have done ^{一定已经做了某事}	He must have left early to catch the train. ^{他一定是早早离开去赶火车了。}
can not / could not have done ^{不可能已经做了某事}	She can’t have seen him there — he was abroad. ^{她不可能在那里见过他——他当时在国外。}
should / ought to have done ^{本应该做某事（责备语气）}	You should have told me the truth. ^{你本应该告诉我真相。}
should not / ought not to have done ^{本不该做某事（责备语气）}	He ought not to have said that in public. ^{他本不该在公众场合那样说。}

skin/hide/fur/feather ^{表达“皮”}

fur and feather ^{飞禽走兽（借代）}
fin, fur and feather ^{各种各样的动物（借代）}

skin ^{皮肤/兽皮}	The hunter wore animal skins. ^{猎人穿着兽皮。}
hide ^{兽皮（尤指大型动物的）}	They used buffalo hides to make tents. ^{他们用野牛皮做帐篷。}
fur ^裘皮	She wore a coat with a fur collar. ^{她穿了一件带裘皮领子的外套。}
feather ^羽毛	Birds are covered in feathers. ^{鸟类身上覆盖着羽毛。}

metonymy ^借代

A bald slipped out of the house.
He has been messing around with several skirts（裙子，借代女性） of his class.
The crown should not yield to the cross.
The pen is mightier than the sword. ^{笔比剑更有力。（pen借代文字，sword借代武力）}
We need more hands on deck. ^{我们需要更多的人手。（hands借代工人）}
The White House announced a new policy. ^{白宫宣布了一项新政策。（White House借代美国政府）}

Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

when ^{尽管,引导让步状语:一般放在主句之后}

He walks when he might take a taxi.
Why do you walk when you have a car?
He smiled when he was feeling sad. ^{他尽管感到悲伤，还是笑了。}
She helped others when she herself was in need. ^{她尽管自己也需要帮助，还是帮助了别人。}
They continued to work when it started to rain. ^{尽管开始下雨，他们仍然继续工作。}

disappear / vanish without trace ^{消失得无影无踪}

The burglar slipped out of the house and then disappeared / vanished without trace.
The magician made the rabbit disappear without trace. ^{魔术师使兔子消失得无影无踪。}
After the heavy fog lifted, the ship had vanished without trace. ^{大雾散去后，那艘船已经消失得无影无踪。}
The missing documents seemed to have disappeared without trace from the office. ^{失踪的文件似乎已经从办公室消失得无影无踪。}