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定语从句 §
功能：用一个句子做定语，定义、修饰名词。
位置：根据英文的“理让弱小”原则，谁短谁放前面，定语是一个句子，短不了，必须放到被修饰名词的后面。
结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 （即：名词 + 连接词 + 定语）
| 被修饰的名词 | 连接词 | 修饰定语 |
|---|---|---|
| This is the job | which | I have dreamed of |
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 定语从句 |
通过先行词推导关系词
| 简单句 | 定语从句 |
|
|---|---|---|
| This is the job. I have dreamed of the job for years. | This is the job which I have dreamed of |
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| This is A. I have dreamed of B for years. A = B | This is A + C + I have dreamed of |
定语从句与宾语从句不一样，宾语从句是缺什么选择什么关系词，而定语从句，只需要看先行词即可；
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 用法 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 事/物 | which 哪个 | 非限制性 | The book, which is on the table, belongs to me. |
| that 那个 | 限制性和非限制性 |
The car that is parked outside is mine. | |
| 人 | that 那个 | I have a friend that speaks English. | |
| who 谁 | 非限制性 | Linda, who is my best friend, is coming over for dinner. | |
| whom 谁(可省) | 非限制性，在从句中作宾语。 | The man, whom I met at the party, is a famous actor. | |
| 人/物 某人的\某物的 | whose谁的 | 限制性和非限制性 | The house, whose roof is red, is for sale. |
| 地点 | where 哪儿 | 非限制性 | I visited the school where my mother works. |
| 时间 | when 什么时候 | I still remember the day when we first met. | |
| 原因 | why 为什么 | That's the reason why I didn't go to the party. | |
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定语从句与关系代词
定语从句像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。分为限定性从句和非限定性关系从句（带逗号，如我的爸、妈、爷、奶是固定且唯一的）。
- I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 为先行词 “that/which” 为关系代词)
关系代词的两个功能 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语)
- The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
- I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你
- The boat whose name is...
- I have a house whose windows are broken. 我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.
| 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限制作用的从句，去掉它将导致句子意义不完整或发生歧义 | 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明或附加信息的从句，即使去掉也不会影响句子的完整性和主要意义 |
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