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定语从句 §
- 功能:用一个句子做定语,定义、修饰名词。
- 位置:根据英文的“理让弱小”原则,谁短谁放前面,定语是一个句子,短不了,必须放到被修饰名词的后面。
- 结构:先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 (即:名词 + 连接词 + 定语)
- 考点:选择使用正确的关系代词。
| 被修饰的名词 | 连接词 | 修饰定语 |
|---|---|---|
| This is the job | which | I have dreamed of |
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 定语从句 |
通过先行词推导关系词
| 简单句 | 定语从句 |
|
|---|---|---|
| This is the job. I have dreamed of the job for years. | This is the job which I have dreamed of |
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| This is A. I have dreamed of B for years. A = B | This is A + C + I have dreamed of |
定语从句与宾语从句不一样,宾语从句是缺什么选择什么关系词,而定语从句,只需要看先行词即可;
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 用法/类型 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 事/物 | which 那个/哪个 | 限制性 & 非限制性 | The book, which is on the table, belongs to me. (非限制) The book which is on the table is mine. (限制) |
| that 那个 | 仅限制性(不可用于非限制性) | The car that is parked outside is mine. | |
| 人 | that 那个 | I have a friend that speaks English. | |
| who 谁 | 限制性 & 非限制性 | Linda, who is my best friend, is coming over for dinner. (非限制) The girl who speaks English is my friend. (限制) |
|
| whom 谁 |
The man, whom I met at the party, is a famous actor. (非限制) The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor. (限制) |
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| 人/物 某人的\某物的 | whose 谁的 | The house, whose roof is red, is for sale. (非限制) The boy whose dog barked is my neighbor. (限制) |
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| 地点 | where 在…的地方 | I visited the school where my mother works. (限制) I went to Beijing, where I stayed for a week. (非限制) |
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| 时间 | when 在…的时候 | I still remember the day when we first met. (限制) We will meet in May, when the roses are in bloom. (非限制) |
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| 原因 | why …的原因 | 主要用于限制性 | That's the reason why I didn't go to the party. |
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快速区别限定性与非限定性定语从句:
Lily is a good teacher who is giving a lesson. 莉莉是一位正在讲课的好老师。
Lily is a good teacher, who is giving a lesson. 莉莉是一位好老师,(她)正在讲课。Lily, who is giving a lesson now, is a good teacher.
Lily, who is giving a lesson now, is a good teacher. 也可以修饰 Lily,意思同上。
Lily who is giving a lesson now is a good teacher. 正在上课的那个 Lily 是一位好老师(意思变了,暗示有多个叫 Lily 的人)。
定语从句与关系代词
定语从句像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。分为限定性从句和非限定性关系从句(带逗号,如我的爸、妈、爷、奶是固定且唯一的)。
- I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 为先行词 “that/which” 为关系代词)
关系代词的两个功能 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语)
- The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
- I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你
- The boat whose name is...
- I have a house whose windows are broken. 我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.
| 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限制作用的从句,去掉它将导致句子意义不完整或发生歧义 | 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明或附加信息的从句,即使去掉也不会影响句子的完整性和主要意义 |
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