oppress [əˈpres] v. 忧郁，压抑
【派】oppression 压迫，苦恼
【扩】smolder 郁积
【例】A good ruler will not oppress the poor.
好的统治者不会压迫贫民。
justification [ˌdʒʌstifiˈkeiʃən] n. 正当理由
【扩】warrant 正当理由
【例】You can't even give me a justification.
你甚至都不能给我一个正当的理由。
justifiably [ˈdʒʌstifaiəbli] adv. 无可非议地
【例】"Hub? Break a sale?", you might justifiably ask.
“呃，销售失败？”，你有理由这么问。
abject [ˈæbdʒekt] adj. 可怜的
【派】abjective 堕落的
【扩】lamentable 可悲的 pathetic 可怜的
* * *
A: James lives in abject misery these years.
B: He deserves it.
A：詹姆斯这几年过着极悲惨的生活。
B：他这是罪有应得。
* * *
ignoble [iɡˈnəubəl] adj. 不体面的，可耻的
【派】ignobly 卑贱地，下流地
【扩】unseemly 不体面的 inglorious 不体面的
* * *
A: To betray a friend is ignoble.
B: But I had no choice at that time.
A：出卖朋友是可耻的。
B：但是当时我别无选择啊。
* * *
impersonal [imˈpəːsənəl] adj. 超脱个人感情影响的，客观的
【例】Don't be so cold and impersonal.
不要那么冷漠，那么不讲人情。
ego [ˈiːɡəu] n. 自我
【扩】egotism 自大，自负 self-importance 自负，自大
recede [riˈsiːd] v. 退去
* * *
A: I could not recede even though I didn't get everything prepared.
B: You will succeed, because you are a warrior.
A：虽然我并没有做好一切准备，但是我不能打退堂鼓。
B：你会成功的，因为你是一个勇士。
* * *
increasingly [inˈkriːsiŋli] adv. 日益，不断
* * *
A: He's become increasingly withdrawn since his wife's death.
B: The past is gone. And he should cast away moan.
A：他从妻子死后越来越孤僻了。
B：逝者已逝，希望他能节哀。
* * *
passionate [ˈpæʃənit] adj. 充满激情的，激昂的
【派】passionately 热情地
【扩】fevered 激动的
* * *
A: He is passionate with playing golf.
B: He can play very well!
A：他对打高尔夫很热衷。
B：他打得也的确不错。
* * *
painlessly [ˈpeinlisli] adv. 毫无痛苦地，不费力地
【例】Each baby needs enough anesthesia toget through the surgery painlessly.
麻药量足才能确保每个婴儿手术中没有痛苦。
vitality [vaiˈtæliti] n. 精力
【扩】energy 精力 vigor 精力
* * *
A: My job needs a lot of time and vitality.
B: Then you should take more care of yourself.
A：我的工作需要投入大量的时间和精力。
B：那你就更应该好好照顾自己了。
* * *
weary [ˈwiəri] adj. 疲惫的
【派】weariness 厌倦，厌烦
【扩】tired 疲惫的
* * *
A: I'm so weary after the long trip.
B: You can have a good rest tonight and then we will begin our sightseeing.
A：这么长时间的旅程让我很是疲惫。
B：你今天晚上可以好好休息一下，明天我们就要开始观光了。
verb [vt. 及物动词]压迫，欺压；使压抑，使烦恼；（纹章）使（图记）部分模糊 - These people often are oppressed by the governments of the countries they find themselves in.
oppress v. 使不开心，忧郁，别扭make sb. feel unhappy, worried or uncomfortable
- The nightmare oppressed me. 表示：使不开心，忧郁，别扭
- The city residents have to oppress and subjugate their loves towards water. 城市人不得不压抑克制自己身上的亲水本能。
- Laugh or cry as you like, and it's meaningless to oppress yourself. 笑就笑，想哭就哭，压抑自己是没有意义的。
- In the society, the people were in the miserable position as the oppressed, the enslaved and the exploited. 表示:v.压迫；欺压；压制
| sb. feel blue / down in the dumps / depressed / dejected | After hearing the bad news, I felt completely down in the dumps. 听到那个坏消息后，我感到非常沮丧。 |
|---|---|
| be in low spirits 情绪低落 | She failed the exam again, so naturally, she is in low spirits today. 她考试又没通过，所以今天自然是情绪低落。 |
noun [抽象名词]正当理由，合理解释；证明为正当，辩护；齐行，整版；（上帝眼中的）称义 - To me the only justification for a zoo is educational.
adverb [方式副词]言之有理地，无可非议地 - The university can be justifiably proud of its record.
verb [vt. 及物动词]欺骗，行骗；侥幸逃脱，逃避；作弊；对配偶（或伴侣）不忠 - Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools.
noun [抽象名词]骗子，作弊者；欺骗手段，欺诈行为；秘技，作弊软件 - In an election in 1988, he was accused of cheating by his opponent.
cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗走某人某个东西
- He cheated me (out) of $100.
- The con artist cheated the elderly couple out of their life savings. 那个骗子骗走了这对老年夫妇的毕生积蓄。
| deceive v. 欺骗；蒙蔽（中性词，指故意误导或隐瞒真相） | The doctor deceived the patient by not telling him the truth. 医生通过没有告诉他真相来欺骗病人。 |
|---|---|
| trick sb. out of sth. 耍花招骗走某人某物（常指小伎俩） | A fraudster tried to trick him out of his bank details. 一个诈骗犯试图用花招骗走他的银行信息。 |
| swindle sb. out of sth. 诈骗/骗走某人某物（常指通过非法手段骗取大量金钱） | The businessman was arrested for swindling investors out of millions of dollars. 这名商人因诈骗投资者数百万美元而被捕。 |
| defraud sb. of sth. 欺诈/骗取某人某物（法律用语，常指通过欺骗手段非法获取财产） | The company was accused of attempting to defraud the government of tax revenue. 这家公司被控试图欺诈政府的税收收入。 |
adjective [原级]极其苦恼的（处于赤贫，极度恐怖等境地）；卑躬屈膝的；下贱的；可怜的；不幸的 - Both of them died in abject poverty.
adjective [原级]不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑贱的 - The "crisis response" has a long and ignoble tradition. “
adjective [原级]非个人的，不受个人感情影响的；缺乏人情味的，冷淡的；不够人性化的；不以人的形式存在的，不具人格的；（语法中）非人称的，无人称的 - Before then many children were cared for in large impersonal orphanages.
noun [抽象名词]非人称动词或代词 - Their mating ritual is just so impersonal.
noun [抽象名词]自负，自尊，自我意识；（心理学）自我 - He had a massive ego, never would he admit he was wrong.
noun [专属名词]【名】 （Ego）（法）埃戈，（日）依怙（人名） - Superman's alter ego was Clark Kent.
ego [心理学] 自我（思考、行动、感知）
- The ego mediates between the unrealistic id and the external real world. 自我介导着不切实际的本我与外部现实世界之间的关系。
- He had a massive ego, never would he admit he was wrong. 他有极强的自我价值感，从来不会承认他错了。
- He felt his ego slipping from him. 他感到他的自尊心正在消失。
| id [心理学] 本我（本能欲望） | According to Freud, the id is the impulsive and unconscious part of the psyche. 根据弗洛伊德的理论，本我是心灵中冲动和无意识的部分。 |
|---|---|
| super-ego [心理学] 超我（道德良心） | The super-ego aims for perfection and acts as our moral compass. 超我以完美为目标，充当着我们的道德指南。 |
| egoism n. 利己主义，自我主义 | His philosophy was based on a radical form of ethical egoism. 他的哲学是建立在一种激进的道德利己主义基础上的。 |
| egoist n. 自我主义者；利己主义者 | An egoist is primarily concerned with their own interests. 利己主义者主要关注自己的利益。 |
| altruism n. 利他主义 | She is known for her exceptional spirit of altruism and charity work. 她以其杰出的利他主义精神和慈善工作而闻名。 |
| altruist n. 利他主义者 | The true altruist expects nothing in return for helping others. 真正的利他主义者帮助别人不求任何回报。 |
| egocentric adj. 自我中心的；利己主义的 | A person who is egocentric rarely considers the feelings of others. 一个自我中心的人很少会考虑别人的感受。 |
| self-centered adj. 自我中心的；利己主义的 | It is hard to work with someone who is completely self-centered. 很难与一个完全以自我为中心的人共事。 |
verb [vt. 及物动词]逐渐远离，渐渐退去；（质量）下降，（问题或疾病等）逐渐减弱；（前额的头发）脱落；（面部特征）向后倾斜；（常指牙龈因为感染）萎缩 - Luke's footsteps receded into the night.
adverb [方式副词]越来越多地，不断增加地 - He was finding it increasingly difficult to make decisions.
adverb [方式副词]热情地；强烈地；激昂地 - He passionately championed the poor.
adverb [方式副词]无痛苦地，不费力地 - The laser beam heals the eye painlessly.
noun [抽象名词]活力，热情；生机，生命力 - Without continued learning, graduates will lose their intellectual vitality.
economic vitality 经济活力
- A strong middle class is key to maintaining long-term economic vitality. 强大的中产阶级是维持长期经济活力的关键。
- The senator promised to restore the economic vitality of the region. 参议员许诺说要重振这个地区的经济活力。
- At the age of 70, Katsushika Hokusai, is still full of artistic vitality.古稀之年的葛饰北斋依然充满了艺术活力。
| vigor / vigour n. 活力，精力；元气 | Despite her great age, Anna is full of vigor. 尽管年事已高，安娜仍充满活力。 |
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| vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的 | It is vital that you complete the paperwork before Friday's deadline. 至关重要的是你必须在周五截止日期前完成文书工作。 |
| vigorous adj. 有力的；精力充沛的 | The patient responded well to the vigorous course of physiotherapy. 病人对强有力的物理治疗过程反应良好。 |
| vital signs 生命体征（专指） | The nurse checked the patient's vital signs, including heart rate and blood pressure. 护士检查了病人的生命体征，包括心率和血压。 |
| energetic adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 | The kindergarten teacher is always cheerful and energetic. 那位幼儿园老师总是很开朗、很有活力。 |
| dynamic adj. 有活力的；动态的；动力的 | The region is characterized by its dynamic economy and rapidly changing technology sector. 该地区的特点是其充满活力的经济和快速变化的科技领域。 |
| crucial adj. 至关重要的；决定性的 | Funding is crucial to the success of the new educational program. 资金对新教育项目的成功至关重要。 |
| essential adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的 | Clean water and basic sanitation are essential for human health. 清洁的饮用水和基本卫生设施对人类健康是必不可少的。 |
noun [抽象名词]疲倦，疲劳；厌倦 - I noticed, behind the neutrality of his gaze, a deep weariness.
weariness n. 疲惫，疲劳；厌倦
- A feeling of profound weariness overcame her after the long journey. 长途旅行后，一种深深的疲惫感袭上她的心头。
| weary adj. 疲倦的；厌烦的；令人厌烦的 | The soldiers, weary from the constant marching, finally stopped to rest. 疲倦于持续行军的士兵们终于停下来休息。 |
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| fatigue n. 疲劳，疲乏（常指因长时间工作或压力造成的） | He was experiencing chronic fatigue due to his demanding schedule. 由于日程安排紧张，他正经历着慢性疲劳。 |
| fatigued adj. 疲乏的 | The rescue workers were visibly fatigued after spending 72 hours on site. 在现场工作了72小时后，救援人员明显感到疲乏。 |
| exhausted adj. 精疲力尽的；筋疲力尽的 | I was completely exhausted after running the marathon. 跑完马拉松后，我筋疲力尽。 |
| tired out adj. 筋疲力尽的（口语） | After a day of moving furniture, I was totally tired out. 忙了一天搬家具，我彻底累垮了。 |
| dog-tired adj. 筋疲力尽的（俚语） | He fell asleep immediately because he was dog-tired. 他太累了（累得像狗一样），马上就睡着了。 |
| worn out adj. 疲惫不堪的；耗尽的 | His clothes were old and worn out, but he couldn't afford new ones. 他的衣服又旧又破，但他买不起新的。 |
| drained adj. 精力耗尽的；虚脱的（像被抽干了精力） | Dealing with the crisis left me feeling emotionally drained. 处理这场危机让我感觉情绪上筋疲力尽。 |
| beat adj. 筋疲力尽的（美式俚语） | Let's just order pizza; I'm too beat to cook. 我们点披萨吧；我太累了，做不了饭。 |
| bushed adj. 累垮了的（美式俚语） | I feel utterly bushed after that double shift today. 今天上了双班之后，我感觉彻底累垮了。 |