情态动词表推测_夸克英语笔记

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右侧笔记支持独立滚动。边听名师连读拆解，边对照右侧的语法事实与统计数据笔记。

情态动词是一类特殊的助动词，用于在句子中表达推测、可能性、必要性、许可等含义。可以表示对某件事情的猜测、假设或推断，而没有直接的证据或确切信息。

现在时^(一般)	过去时^(委婉)
Can^{（70-80% 能够，可能）}	Could^{（50-60% 可能）}
He can be at home.^{（他可能在家。）} She can't have forgotten about the meeting.^{（她不可能忘记会议。）}	It could rain later.^{（天可能会下雨。）} They could have left already.^{（他们可能已经离开了。）}
May^{（30-40% 可能）}	Might^{（20-30% 可能）}
He may arrive late.^{（他可能会迟到。）} It may not be as difficult as it seems.^{（这可能没有看起来那么困难。）}	She might be busy with work.^{（她可能因工作很忙。）} I might have left my keys in the car.^{（我可能把钥匙留在车里了。）}
Must^{（100% 肯定，一定）}
He must be tired after such a long journey.^{（经过这么长的旅程，他肯定累了。）}	They must have arrived by now.^{（他们肯定已经到达了。）}

这些情态动词可以根据语境和时态的改变来表示不同的推测含义。在使用情态动词表达推测时，需要注意与实际证据或确切信息之间的差异，并用适当的情态动词来表达对事实的估计或猜测。

must be ^一定是	may be ^可能是
表达对某件事情的强烈推断或肯定推测。它表示根据现有的证据或逻辑推理，某件事情几乎可以确定或非常有可能是真实的。	表达对某件事情的推测或可能性。它表示根据现有的情况、证据或推理，某件事情有可能是真实的，但不像 "must be" 那样表示肯定或强烈的推断。
She's been studying all night. She must be exhausted. ^{（她通宵学习了。她一定很疲惫。）} Look at the traffic jam! We must be running late. ^{（看看交通堵塞！我们一定要迟到了。）} The sky is getting dark. It must be about to rain. ^{（天空变暗了。肯定要下雨了。）} He has been practicing for hours. He must be a skilled pianist. ^{（他练习了几个小时。他一定是个技艺高超的钢琴家。）}	I'm not sure where she is. She may be at the library. ^{（我不确定她在哪里。她可能在图书馆。）} The party starts at 8 PM. He may be getting ready now. ^{（聚会八点开始。他现在可能正在准备。）} The exam results are not out yet. I may be a bit nervous. ^{（考试结果还未出来。我可能有点紧张。）} She said she would come, but she may be running late. ^{（她说她会来，但她可能要迟到。）}

must be ^一定是

may be ^可能是

表达对某件事情的强烈推断或肯定推测。它表示根据现有的证据或逻辑推理，某件事情几乎可以确定或非常有可能是真实的。

表达对某件事情的推测或可能性。它表示根据现有的情况、证据或推理，某件事情有可能是真实的，但不像 "must be" 那样表示肯定或强烈的推断。

She's been studying all night. She must be exhausted. ^{（她通宵学习了。她一定很疲惫。）}
Look at the traffic jam! We must be running late. ^{（看看交通堵塞！我们一定要迟到了。）}
The sky is getting dark. It must be about to rain. ^{（天空变暗了。肯定要下雨了。）}
He has been practicing for hours. He must be a skilled pianist. ^{（他练习了几个小时。他一定是个技艺高超的钢琴家。）}

I'm not sure where she is. She may be at the library. ^{（我不确定她在哪里。她可能在图书馆。）}
The party starts at 8 PM. He may be getting ready now. ^{（聚会八点开始。他现在可能正在准备。）}
The exam results are not out yet. I may be a bit nervous. ^{（考试结果还未出来。我可能有点紧张。）}
She said she would come, but she may be running late. ^{（她说她会来，但她可能要迟到。）}

"must be" 常常基于观察、推理或逻辑推断，用来表达某种程度的肯定和确定性，表达了对事情的一种开放态度。它可以表示根据目前的情况或推理做出的合理猜测，但并没有确凿的证据来支持。

表达对某件事情的否定推测或不可能性。它表示根据现有的情况、证据或逻辑推理，某件事情几乎可以确定地是不真实或不可能发生的。

The store closes at 9 PM, and it's already 10 PM. It can't be open. ^{（商店晚上9点关门，现在已经10点了。它不可能开着。）}
He said he would be here, but his car is not in the parking lot. He can't be here yet. ^{（他说他会来的，但他的车不在停车场。他不可能已经到了。）}
I just bought this phone yesterday, so it can't be broken already. ^{（我昨天刚买了这部手机，所以它不可能已经坏了。）}
She's been studying all day, so she can't be bored with the material. ^{（她整天都在学习，所以她不可能对这个材料感到无聊。）}

"can't be" 的使用基于观察、推理或逻辑推断，表示某件事情几乎可以排除或不太可能发生。

情态动词后不可以再加实义动词了，所以后面跟的都是非动词类型。结构为：情态动词 + 非动词。

must + do	may + do	can't + do
You must know him. 表推测：你一定认识他。表实义：你必须认识他。	We may have some rain today. 表推测：今天可能会下点雨。	He can't invite you. 表推测：他不可能邀请你。表实义：他不能邀请你。

must be + doing	can't be + doing
表示对现在正在发生的动作的一种肯定推测。	表示对现在正在发生的动作的一种否定推测。
He must be sleeping at home now. They must be having lunch. She must be working in the office.	He can't be sleeping at home now. They can't be having lunch. She can't be working in the office.

must have + done	can't have + done
表示对过去发生的动作的肯定推测。	表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测。
He must have had lunch. They must have arrived. She must have finished her work.	He can't have had lunch. They can't have arrived. She can't have finished her work.