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| 过去完成时(had done) | 过去完成进行时(had been doing) |
|---|---|
| 都表示“过去的之前” | |
| Firemen had put out the fire.强调事情完成的结果（全部、部分完成） | Firemen had been fighting the fire for three weeks. 强调事情进行的过程 |
过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果， 过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作，还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。与它 经常连用的表示时间的词有before，for，since，all day 等。
- She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
- Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
- Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.
在包含间接引语的句子中，如果引述词是过去时态，则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。
- When I arrived, they’d already put the fire out. 但需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时。